Volcanic vent

A volcanic vent is an opening through which magma, gases, or volcanic fragments reach Earth’s surface. Vents may occur at a volcano’s summit, on its flanks, or on the seafloor.

Magma conduit: A passage through which magma travels from a reservoir toward a volcanic opening. It carries magma upward to the vent.
Magma: Molten or partially molten rock beneath Earth’s surface, often containing dissolved gases and crystals. Magma is one of the materials that can reach the surface through a vent.
Volcanic hazard: A threat to people or infrastructure caused by volcanic activity or its products. Vent location helps determine where lava, gases, and fragments may pose danger.
Stromboli: An active Italian volcano known for frequent explosive bursts and lava emissions. Its summit vents produce recurring bursts that illustrate persistent vent activity.
Volcanic crater: A bowl-shaped depression around a volcanic vent, formed by eruptions or collapse. A summit vent may open within a crater.
Lava: Molten rock that has erupted onto Earth’s surface. Magma becomes lava after passing through a vent.
Volcanic gas monitoring: Measurement of gases emitted by volcanoes to track activity and assess hazards. Changes in vent emissions can signal shifts in magma or volcanic activity.
Kīlauea: An active shield volcano on the island of Hawaiʻi. Its summit and flank vents have produced both lava flows and explosive activity.
Lava fountain: A jet or spray of molten lava expelled during an eruption. Gas escaping through a vent can propel lava into fountains.
Tephra: Fragments of volcanic material blasted or carried into the air during an eruption. A vent can eject tephra along with gas and magma.

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