Volumetric analysis

Volumetric analysis determines the amount or concentration of a substance by measuring the volume of a solution that reacts with it in known proportions.

Titration: A method that determines an analyte’s concentration by adding a measured reagent solution until a reaction endpoint is reached. The standard procedure uses measured solution volumes to determine an unknown concentration.
Molar concentration: The amount of dissolved substance per unit volume of solution, commonly expressed in moles per liter. It is the concentration unit most often used in volumetric calculations.
Acid–base titration: A titration that measures an acid or base through a neutralization reaction. It applies volumetric analysis to determine acid or base concentration.
Gravimetric analysis: A quantitative chemical method that determines an amount of substance by measuring mass. It obtains the analytical quantity from mass rather than reacting-solution volume.
Equivalence point: The point in a titration at which reactants have been added in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts. Calculations rely on relating the measured volume to this stoichiometric point.
Mole: The SI unit for amount of substance, equal to exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ specified entities. Volumetric calculations use solution concentration to determine amounts in moles.
Redox titration: A titration based on an oxidation–reduction reaction between analyte and titrant. Electron-transfer reactions provide a basis for quantitative volume measurements.
Spectrophotometry: A method that measures how much light a sample absorbs or transmits at selected wavelengths. It can determine concentration from an optical signal instead of titrant volume.
Titration endpoint: The observable signal used to mark the end of a titration. An endpoint provides the practical stopping point for measuring reagent volume.
Primary standard: A highly pure, stable substance used to prepare or verify a solution of known concentration. It can establish the concentration of a titrant with reliable accuracy.

Linked from 8 pages