Vulgate

The Vulgate is a Latin Bible translated chiefly by Jerome in late antiquity. It became the standard biblical text of the medieval Western Church.

Jerome: Jerome was a Christian scholar who translated much of the Bible into Latin in the late fourth century. His biblical translations supplied the Vulgate’s central work.
Biblical translation: Biblical translation renders texts of the Bible from one language into another. The Vulgate emerged through translation from Hebrew and Greek alongside revision of Latin texts.
Council of Trent: The Council of Trent was a series of Catholic Church meetings held from 1545 to 1563. It affirmed the Vulgate’s authority for public use in the Catholic Church.
Masoretic Text: The Masoretic Text is the authoritative Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible preserved by Jewish scribes known as the Masoretes. It provides a Hebrew textual tradition distinct from the Vulgate’s Latin wording.
Old Latin Bible: The Old Latin Bible comprises early Latin translations of biblical books made before Jerome’s revisions and translations. Jerome revised some existing Latin texts rather than translating every book anew.
Latin language: Latin is an Indo-European language that originated in Latium and became the language of ancient Rome. The Vulgate’s wording and later reach depend on its Latin form.
Sixto-Clementine Vulgate: The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate is the 1592 official revision of the Latin Bible associated with Popes Sixtus V and Clement VIII. It implemented Trent’s call for an authoritative, corrected Latin edition.
Peshitta: The Peshitta is the standard Syriac translation of the Bible used in Syriac Christian traditions. It represents a major Christian biblical tradition in a language other than Latin.
Hebrew Bible: The Hebrew Bible is the collection of Jewish sacred writings that forms the basis of the Christian Old Testament. Jerome used Hebrew texts for much of his Old Testament translation.
Textual criticism: Textual criticism studies manuscript evidence to reconstruct or compare the wording of written works. Vulgate manuscripts preserve variant readings that scholars compare to establish text history.

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