Wafd Party

An Egyptian nationalist political party founded in 1919 that led the campaign for independence from Britain and constitutional government.

Egyptian Revolution of 1919: A nationwide Egyptian uprising against British rule that began in March 1919 after nationalist leaders were exiled. The uprising transformed the Wafd’s demand for representation into a mass independence movement.
Mustafa al-Nahhas: An Egyptian politician who led the Wafd after Saad Zaghloul and served several terms as prime minister. He carried the party through its later years of mass electoral strength and political conflict.
Constitution of Egypt of 1923: Egypt’s liberal constitution, which established parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. The Wafd sought to govern through this framework, despite its limits and interruptions.
Liberal Constitutional Party (Egypt): An Egyptian political party formed in 1922 by nationalists who split from the Wafd over political strategy. Its breakaway leaders challenged the Wafd’s claim to represent the nationalist movement.
Saad Zaghloul: An Egyptian nationalist politician who led the Wafd and served as prime minister in 1924. His leadership and exile made him the movement’s central figure.
King Fuad I of Egypt: King of Egypt from 1922 until his death in 1936, during the country’s limited constitutional monarchy. His interventions repeatedly constrained Wafd governments and parliamentary rule.
Egyptian parliamentary election, 1924: The election in which the Wafd won a commanding majority in Egypt’s first parliament under the 1923 constitution. It demonstrated the party’s broad popular support soon after independence was declared.
Muslim Brotherhood: An Islamist movement founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna. Its religious and social program offered an alternative to the Wafd’s predominantly secular nationalism.
Egyptian nationalism: A political movement seeking Egyptian self-determination and an Egyptian national state. The Wafd became the principal party channeling Egyptian nationalism into electoral politics.
King Farouk: King of Egypt from 1936 until his abdication in 1952. His rivalry with the Wafd shaped the party’s final years before the monarchy ended.

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