War of the Confederation

The War of the Confederation was an 1836–1839 conflict in which Chile and Argentine forces fought the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. Its defeat at Yungay led to the Confederation’s dissolution.

Battle of Yungay: The 1839 battle in which the United Restoration Army defeated the Peru–Bolivian Confederation’s forces. This decisive victory ended the Confederation’s military resistance.
Peru–Bolivian Confederation: A short-lived state formed in 1836 by the union of Peru and Bolivia under Andrés de Santa Cruz. Its formation supplied the political target of the opposing coalition.
Manuel Bulnes: A Chilean general who commanded the expeditionary army that defeated the Confederation at Yungay. His command connected Chile’s campaign to the war’s decisive victory.
Dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation: The 1839 collapse of the political union linking Peru and Bolivia after the Confederation’s defeat. The war’s outcome ended the state that had prompted the conflict.
Chilean historiography of the War of the Confederation: Historical interpretations of the war that emphasize Chile’s security concerns and opposition to Santa Cruz’s power. This account contrasts with explanations centered on Peru’s internal political divisions.
United Restoration Army: The Chilean-led coalition that fought to restore separate Peruvian states and defeat the Confederation. Its coalition forces carried the campaign that culminated at Yungay.
Andrés de Santa Cruz: A Bolivian military and political leader who ruled the Peru–Bolivian Confederation as its Protector. Santa Cruz’s leadership and regional ambitions shaped the conflict’s stakes.
Agustín Gamarra: A Peruvian military leader and politician who opposed the Confederation and later became president of Peru. His role in the restoration coalition reflected Peruvian opposition to the union.
Peruvian Restoration: The postwar reestablishment of separate Peruvian republics after the Confederation’s collapse. The restoration coalition’s stated objective became the postwar political settlement.
Peruvian historiography of the War of the Confederation: Historical interpretations of the war that emphasize Peru’s internal conflicts and resistance to the Confederation. These interpretations shift attention from Chilean strategy to Peruvian political agency.

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