War of the Fifth Coalition

The 1809 conflict in which Austria and Britain fought Napoleon’s French Empire and its allies, ending in Austrian defeat and the Treaty of Schönbrunn.

Battle of Aspern-Essling: A May 1809 battle in which Austrian forces halted Napoleon’s attempt to cross the Danube near Vienna. Austria’s first major battlefield success showed that Napoleon could be checked.
War of the Third Coalition: The 1805 war in which Austria, Russia, and other powers fought Napoleon’s France and were defeated. Its outcome left Austria weakened and under French pressure before the 1809 campaign.
Napoleon: French military and political leader who ruled as emperor from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815. He commanded the French response and negotiated the peace after Wagram.
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807): An 1807 agreement between France and Spain that allowed French troops to enter Spain on their way to Portugal. French intervention in the Iberian Peninsula created the distraction Austria hoped to exploit.
Battle of Wagram: A July 1809 battle in which Napoleon defeated the Austrian army near Vienna. The battle broke Austria’s capacity to continue the campaign.
Treaty of Pressburg: The 1805 treaty that ended Austria’s war with France and imposed territorial losses on the Habsburg monarchy. Its settlement intensified Austrian resentment and territorial insecurity.
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen: A Habsburg commander who led Austria’s main army against Napoleon in 1809. His decisions shaped Austria’s campaign and its two major battles near Vienna.
Napoleonic Wars: A series of European wars fought between Napoleonic France and shifting coalitions from 1803 to 1815. The 1809 conflict was one campaign in the wider struggle against Napoleon.
Andreas Hofer: A Tyrolean innkeeper who led an insurgency against Bavarian rule and French influence in 1809. His revolt extended the conflict into the Alps after Austria’s main army withdrew.
War of the Fourth Coalition: The 1806–1807 conflict in which Prussia, Russia, and Britain fought Napoleonic France and its allies. Its end left Austria as the principal continental power still able to challenge Napoleon.

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War of the Sixth CoalitionCompared with: Austria’s renewed resistance came after its defeat in this earlier coalition war.