Warp and weft

Warp and weft are the two interlacing yarn systems in woven fabric: warp yarns run lengthwise, while weft yarns cross them widthwise.

Loom: A device that holds warp yarns under tension and interlaces them with weft yarns to make fabric. The loom separates and interlaces the two yarn systems.
Woven fabric: Fabric formed by interlacing two or more yarn systems, typically at right angles. Warp and weft are the defining yarn systems of this broader material.
Denim: A durable cotton twill fabric commonly woven with colored warp yarns and pale weft yarns. Its contrasting yarn colors make the warp-weft distinction visible.
Knitting: A method of fabric construction that forms fabric by interlooping yarn rather than interlacing yarn systems. Knitted fabric does not use the warp-and-weft structure of woven cloth.
Shedding: The raising and lowering of selected warp yarns to create an opening for weft insertion. A shed opens between warp yarns so the weft can pass through.
Yarn: A continuous strand of fibers or filaments used in textile production. Both warp and weft are yarns, though they may be prepared differently.
Twill weave: A weave structure with diagonal ribs formed by shifting warp-weft interlacings across successive yarns. The diagonal pattern results from how the two systems interlace.
Warp knitting: A knitting method in which yarns run lengthwise and form intermeshing loops. Its lengthwise yarns resemble warp, but they form loops instead of woven interlacings.
Weft insertion: The process of carrying a weft yarn across the width of a warp sheet. It places each crosswise yarn among the lengthwise warp yarns.
Warping: The preparation of a set of warp yarns in the required order and length for weaving. It organizes the lengthwise yarns before they reach the loom.

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