Water pressure

Water pressure is the force water exerts per unit area on surfaces and within a fluid. Differences in pressure drive water through pipes and outlets.

Hydrostatic pressure: Pressure in a fluid at rest, produced by the fluid’s weight and any applied pressure. Water pressure rises with depth when water is still.
Pressure: A physical quantity equal to force distributed over an area. Water pressure is one instance of this general mechanical quantity.
Water supply network: An interconnected system that collects, treats, stores, and distributes potable water. Pumps and elevated reservoirs maintain pressure across distribution pipes.
Vacuum: A region containing matter at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. A sufficiently low pressure can oppose water supply or cause dissolved gases to emerge.
Pascal’s law: A pressure change applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid. It explains how pressure supplied at one point acts elsewhere in a water-filled system.
Density: Mass per unit volume of a substance. Water density helps determine how strongly pressure increases with depth.
Water tower: An elevated tank that stores water and supplies a distribution system by gravity. Its elevation creates pressure without requiring a pump to run continuously.
Osmotic pressure: The pressure needed to stop solvent flow across a selectively permeable membrane. It is a distinct pressure phenomenon, driven by concentration differences rather than plumbing gradients.
Bernoulli’s principle: A relation among pressure, speed, and elevation in flowing fluids. Flowing water can trade pressure for speed as it passes through pipes and fittings.
Gravity: The attraction between masses, which gives objects weight near Earth’s surface. Gravity gives a standing column of water its hydrostatic pressure.

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