Welding

Welding joins materials by fusion, pressure, or both, often with added filler material. It creates a permanent joint by acting on the materials themselves rather than relying only on a separate fastener.

Electric arc welding: A welding family that uses an electric arc to generate heat at the joint. The arc supplies concentrated heat for fusion in many common welding processes.
Gas tungsten arc welding: An arc-welding process that uses a nonconsumable tungsten electrode and often a separate filler rod. Its controlled heat and clean welds suit thin sections and precise work.
Weld joint: A connection between workpieces formed by welding, classified by the arrangement of their edges or surfaces. Joint geometry determines access, preparation, and the stresses a weld must carry.
Brazing: A metal-joining process that melts filler metal above 450 °C while keeping the base materials solid. Unlike fusion welding, brazing joins parts without melting their base materials.
Welding defect: An imperfection in a weld that may reduce its suitability or structural performance. Defects such as porosity or lack of fusion can compromise a welded joint.
Gas welding: A welding method that uses combustion of a fuel gas and oxygen to heat and join materials. A flame provides the heat source without an electric arc.
Gas metal arc welding: An arc-welding process that feeds a consumable wire electrode through a welding gun. Continuous wire feeding supports efficient fabrication and automated production.
Weldability: The capacity of a material to be welded into a sound joint under specified conditions. Material composition and processing history affect cracking and joint quality.
Soldering: A metal-joining process that melts filler metal below 450 °C without melting the base materials. Its lower-temperature filler bond contrasts with welding's fusion or pressure-based joining.
Welding residual stress: Stress remaining in a welded component after it cools and external loads are removed. Uneven heating and contraction can leave stresses that distort or weaken structures.

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