Welland Canal

The Welland Canal is a ship canal in Ontario connecting Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. It bypasses Niagara Falls and forms part of the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Seaway.

Lock (water navigation): A lock is an enclosed chamber that raises or lowers vessels between waterways at different elevations. Locks let ships climb from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie without crossing Niagara Falls.
First Welland Canal: The First Welland Canal was the initial canal route linking Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, opened in 1829. It established the route around Niagara Falls and enabled the later canal generations.
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Seaway: The Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Seaway is a system of canals, locks, and channels connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The Welland Canal is a key link in this larger shipping route.
Welland Canal and regional industrialization: The Welland Canal and regional industrialization describes the growth of manufacturing and trade around the canal corridor in Ontario. Reliable lake shipping helped attract industries and connect them to wider markets.
Garden City Skyway: The Garden City Skyway is a high-level bridge carrying the Queen Elizabeth Way over the Welland Canal near St. Catharines. Its height allows many vessels to pass without interrupting highway traffic.
Niagara Escarpment: The Niagara Escarpment is a long cuesta of resistant rock extending from New York through Ontario and into the upper Midwest. The canal’s locks overcome this ridge between the lakes.
William Hamilton Merritt: William Hamilton Merritt was a Canadian businessman and politician who promoted and organized construction of the first Welland Canal. Merritt led the campaign that turned the canal proposal into a construction project.
Great Lakes shipping: Great Lakes shipping is the movement of cargo and passengers by vessels on the Great Lakes and their connecting waterways. The canal allows ships to move between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
Welland Canal Parkway Trail: The Welland Canal Parkway Trail is a recreational route following parts of the canal corridor in Niagara Region. It reflects the corridor’s later use for recreation alongside navigation.
Welland Canal Lock 7: Welland Canal Lock 7 is a lock on the present canal route in Thorold, Ontario. It is one of the locks vessels traverse while crossing the escarpment.

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