White movement

The White movement was a loose coalition of anti-Bolshevik forces that fought the Red Army during the Russian Civil War and its aftermath. Its members differed sharply over Russia’s future government and social order.

Russian Civil War: A conflict from 1917 to 1922 among the Bolsheviks, their opponents, and foreign interveners over control of Russia. The wider war in which White forces fought the Red Army.
Russian Revolution: The upheavals of 1917 that ended the Russian Empire and brought the Bolsheviks to power. The revolutions created the struggle against Bolshevik rule that united the Whites.
Anton Denikin: A White general who commanded the Volunteer Army and led anti-Bolshevik forces in southern Russia. His 1919 advance toward Moscow was the movement’s closest major approach to victory.
Bolshevism: A revolutionary Marxist movement led by Lenin that established Soviet rule in Russia in 1917. The Whites united primarily in opposition to the Bolshevik program and government.
White Army: The military forces organized by anti-Bolshevik commanders during the Russian Civil War. These armies gave the otherwise diverse movement its main fighting form.
October Revolution: The Bolshevik seizure of power in Petrograd in October 1917, by the Julian calendar. Opposition to this takeover became the coalition’s defining bond.
Alexander Kolchak: A Russian admiral who became the principal White ruler in Siberia and was proclaimed Supreme Ruler in 1918. His government became the eastern movement’s most prominent political center.
Green armies: Peasant insurgent forces in the Russian Civil War that resisted both Bolshevik and White control. Their independent resistance demonstrates that the conflict was not simply a two-sided contest.
Red Army: The Bolshevik military force that fought for Soviet power during the Russian Civil War. It was the movement’s principal military opponent.
Russian Constituent Assembly: An elected national assembly convened in January 1918 and dissolved by the Bolshevik government after one day. Its dissolution sharpened opposition to Bolshevik rule, though Whites disagreed about restoring representative government.

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