Knowra White Revolution White Revolution The White Revolution was India’s rapid expansion of milk production, driven especially by dairy cooperatives, improved animal husbandry, and national distribution networks from the 1970s onward.
Operation Flood : India’s national dairy development programme, launched in 1970, built cooperative milk networks and expanded production and distribution. This programme organized the expansion most closely identified with India’s White Revolution.
Verghese Kurien : An Indian engineer and dairy entrepreneur who led the NDDB and helped build the Amul cooperative system. Kurien directed Operation Flood and became the public face of the White Revolution.
Milk production in India : The production of milk from cattle, buffaloes, goats, and other dairy animals within India. The White Revolution drove a large rise in India’s total milk output.
Dairy cooperatives in India : Member-owned Indian organizations that collect, process, and market milk produced by local farmers. Their expansion gave small producers a route into formal markets, though benefits varied by region.
Yellow Revolution : India’s expansion of oilseed production, associated especially with efforts beginning in the 1980s. It targeted edible oils and crops rather than cooperative milk production.
Dairy cooperative : A member-owned organization that collects, processes, or markets milk produced by its members. Cooperatives let village producers pool milk and bargain collectively with processors and buyers.
Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel : An Indian cooperative leader who helped establish the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union. Patel organized the farmer-led cooperative that became the institutional foundation for Amul.
Dairy industry in India : The network of Indian farms, cooperatives, processors, traders, and retailers involved in dairy products. Its processing and marketing capacity expanded alongside cooperative milk collection.
Livestock intensification : Increasing animal output through changes in breeding, feeding, housing, and veterinary care. Higher milk yields depended partly on more intensive management of dairy animals.
Green Revolution : The spread of high-yielding crop varieties and related farming inputs that increased food-grain production. Unlike the crop-focused Green Revolution, the White Revolution centered on livestock and dairy markets.
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