Zheng Chenggong

Zheng Chenggong, known in the West as Koxinga, was a seventeenth-century Ming loyalist commander who fought the Qing dynasty and established a regime in Taiwan.

Zheng Zhilong: A Chinese merchant and maritime commander who served the Ming and later surrendered to the Qing. Zheng Chenggong inherited his father’s coastal network and later rejected his surrender to the Qing.
Battle of Xiamen: A 1658 naval battle in which Qing forces defeated Zheng Chenggong’s fleet near Xiamen. The defeat exposed the risks of his coastal strategy and preceded his Taiwan campaign.
Zheng Jing: Zheng Chenggong’s eldest son, who succeeded him as ruler of the Zheng regime in Taiwan. His succession continued the family’s rule after Zheng Chenggong’s death.
Kingdom of Tungning: The Zheng family’s regime in southwestern Taiwan from 1661 until Qing conquest in 1683. Zheng Chenggong founded this regime as a mainland base for continued resistance.
Longwu Emperor: The short-lived Ming claimant who ruled in southern China from 1645 to 1646. He granted Zheng Chenggong the imperial surname, giving him the name Guoxingye.
Siege of Fort Zeelandia: The 1661–1662 siege in which Zheng Chenggong’s forces compelled the Dutch to leave Taiwan. This campaign converted his maritime force into control of a fortified European settlement.
Shi Lang: A Chinese naval commander who served the Zheng family before joining the Qing and leading its Taiwan campaign. His defection transferred valuable knowledge of Zheng’s forces to the Qing.
Dutch Formosa: The Dutch East India Company’s colonial presence in southwestern Taiwan from 1624 to 1662. Zheng’s victory ended Dutch rule and replaced it with a Ming loyalist regime.
Southern Ming: A collection of Ming loyalist regimes that resisted the Qing conquest after the fall of Beijing in 1644. Zheng’s campaigns formed part of the Southern Ming struggle to restore the dynasty.
Ming loyalist movement: Resistance by supporters seeking to restore the Ming after the dynasty’s conquest by the Qing. Zheng’s military and political authority drew on this wider loyalist cause.

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