Linked from

The 31 pages that link to 2008 financial crisis, each with the reason it gives.

• George W. BushRelated: The crisis dominated Bush’s final year and prompted emergency federal interventions.

• Bank of EnglandBroader topic: The crisis prompted Bank support for liquidity, lending, and financial-system stabilization.

• Lender of last resortRelated: Central banks expanded liquidity support as ordinary interbank funding broke down.

• Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection ActNarrower topic: The crisis exposed regulatory gaps that Dodd–Frank was designed to address.

• Chicago school of economicsCompared with: The crisis intensified criticism of market self-correction, a central premise in many Chicago-influenced policy arguments.

• Glass–Steagall ActRelated: The crisis renewed debate over whether repealing the Act increased systemic risk.

• Occupy Wall StreetRelated: The crisis and its aftermath intensified anger over bailouts, foreclosures, and unequal economic recovery.

• Tea Party movementRelated: The crisis and federal response formed the backdrop for the movement’s emergence.

• Cascading failureBroader topic: Interconnected institutions and markets transmitted distress beyond the firms initially affected.

• JPMorgan ChaseRelated: JPMorgan Chase acquired failing institutions during the crisis and faced scrutiny over its role and risks.

• American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009Related: The financial crisis drove the downturn that the act was intended to mitigate.

• Bank of AmericaRelated: The crisis led Bank of America to acquire distressed financial firms and receive federal support.

• Ben BernankeNarrower topic: Bernanke chaired the Fed as the crisis threatened a collapse in credit and output.

• CitigroupRelated: Citigroup’s large losses and funding pressures made it one of the crisis’s most prominent U.S. cases.

• Commercial paperRelated: The crisis sharply disrupted commercial paper funding and prompted emergency market support.

• John McCainRelated: The crisis reshaped the final weeks of McCain’s presidential campaign.

• Wall StreetRelated: Its aftermath intensified scrutiny of Wall Street’s risk-taking and regulation.

• Financial economicsBroader topic: The crisis exposed weaknesses in risk models and financial-system assumptions.

• 2008 United States presidential electionRelated: Its escalation shortly before Election Day intensified voters' economic concerns.

• Goldman SachsRelated: Goldman Sachs's survival and crisis-era conduct became subjects of public and regulatory scrutiny.

• Bernie MadoffRelated: Client withdrawals during the crisis helped expose Madoff’s inability to pay investors.

• Money marketBroader topic: Freezes in short-term funding markets intensified stress during the crisis.

• 21st centuryBroader topic: Its recession and policy responses influenced economies and politics across the century.

• CitibankRelated: The crisis exposed Citigroup’s vulnerabilities and prompted government intervention.

• Deutsche BankRelated: The crisis exposed Deutsche Bank to market losses and intensified scrutiny of its risk controls.

• Larry SummersRelated: Summers advised the Obama administration during the crisis and its aftermath.

• Raghuram RajanRelated: Rajan warned before the crisis that incentives in finance were building dangerous systemic risks.

• History of bankingBroader topic: It exposed vulnerabilities in modern banking and led to extensive regulatory change.

• Jamie DimonRelated: JPMorgan Chase remained profitable during the crisis while acquiring failing institutions.

• Neo-nationalismRelated: Its aftermath deepened distrust of economic elites and established political parties.

• Robert J. ShillerRelated: Shiller’s warnings about housing prices became relevant as the boom reversed and financial losses spread.