Adolf Eichmann

Adolf Eichmann was an Austrian-born German Nazi official who organized the deportation of millions of Jews during the Holocaust. Captured in Argentina, he was tried in Israel and executed in 1962.

Final Solution: The Nazi plan to annihilate Europe’s Jews during the Second World War. Eichmann organized deportations as part of the machinery implementing this genocide.
Deportation of Hungarian Jews: The 1944 deportation of roughly 440,000 Hungarian Jews, mostly to Auschwitz-Birkenau. This rapid operation became the clearest case of Eichmann’s direct role in mass deportation.
Heinrich Himmler: The head of the SS and a principal organizer of Nazi terror and genocide. Eichmann served within the SS system Himmler directed.
Nazism: The racist, authoritarian political movement led by Adolf Hitler and embodied in the Nazi German state. Eichmann’s career was built inside the movement and its institutions.
Eichmann trial: The 1961 Jerusalem trial in which Eichmann was convicted of crimes against the Jewish people and humanity. The trial examined his responsibility for organizing deportations and his role in the Holocaust.
Reich Security Main Office: The Nazi agency that coordinated security, intelligence, and much of the persecution of Jews. Eichmann’s department operated within this central institution of Nazi persecution.
Theresienstadt Ghetto: A Nazi ghetto and transit camp in occupied Czechoslovakia, also used for propaganda deception. Eichmann’s office helped organize deportations to and from this camp.
Reinhard Heydrich: A senior SS official who led the RSHA and organized Nazi security policy and persecution. Heydrich oversaw the office in which Eichmann’s Jewish-affairs section operated.
Austrian Nazi Party: The Nazi organization in Austria, banned before Germany annexed the country in 1938. Eichmann joined the Austrian Nazi movement before moving into the SS.
Eichmann in Jerusalem: Hannah Arendt’s 1963 book reporting on Eichmann’s trial and analyzing his crimes and political language. Arendt’s account made the phrase “the banality of evil” central to public debate about Eichmann.

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