Linked from

The 70 pages that link to Al-Andalus, each with the reason it gives.

• ReconquistaRelated: Its shifting extent defined the lands contested during the Reconquista.

• Spanish languageRelated: Long contact with Arabic-speaking societies left a substantial Arabic vocabulary in Spanish.

• Almohad CaliphateRelated: Almohad rulers extended their empire across the Strait of Gibraltar into Iberia.

• EmirateRelated: Al-Andalus saw emirates emerge as Muslim rule shifted between local and central authority.

• SpainRelated: Its centuries of rule left lasting influences on Spanish architecture, agriculture, and culture.

• Toledo School of TranslatorsRelated: Toledo’s earlier history under Muslim rule formed part of its Arabic-speaking intellectual context.

• ArabizationRelated: Arabic gained cultural and administrative influence there, though the region's linguistic history differed from later Arabized societies.

• ToledoRelated: Muslim forces took Toledo in 711, ending Visigothic rule there.

• FezRelated: Migration from al-Andalus helped shape Fez’s early population and urban culture.

• Song of RolandRelated: The poem recasts the diverse forces of eighth-century Iberia as a unified Saracen enemy.

• Spanish cuisineRelated: Its agricultural and culinary legacies shaped ingredients and techniques in Spanish cooking.

• Arabic musicRelated: Al-Andalus is linked to musical repertoires later cultivated in North Africa.

• Moroccan ArabicRelated: Historical movement between Iberia and Morocco contributed to contact shaping northern Moroccan speech.

• GazpachoRelated: Earlier Iberian soups and food traditions developed amid the region’s layered cultural history.

• SpinachRelated: Spinach reached western Europe through cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula.

• CádizRelated: Muslim rule preceded Cádiz’s incorporation into the Christian kingdom of Castile.

• Ibn TumartRelated: Accounts of Ibn Tumart's travels include study in al-Andalus before his return to the Maghreb.

• Arab Agricultural RevolutionRelated: Iberia offers a regional case for evaluating crop diffusion and irrigation change.

• Pope Sylvester IIRelated: Its scholarly traditions formed part of the wider intellectual setting behind Gerbert's mathematical interests.

• AlgarveRelated: The Algarve’s Arabic name and cultural heritage are rooted in this history.

• Bitter orangeRelated: Bitter orange cultivation became established in Iberia during its medieval agricultural history.

• History of CataloniaRelated: Muslim rule reached parts of Catalonia before Carolingian expansion created a frontier zone.

• Muhammad al-IdrisiRelated: Al-Idrisi was born in Ceuta and belonged to an Andalusi family with broad regional ties.

• Spanish architectureRelated: Its courts and cities fostered architectural forms that endured after Christian conquest.

• History of PortugalRelated: Muslim rule in Iberia preceded and overlapped with the Christian expansion that formed Portugal.

• Music of SpainRelated: Its diverse society formed part of the historical setting for Andalusian musical traditions.

• Portuguese peopleRelated: Centuries of contact with Al-Andalus shaped Iberian society, vocabulary, and material culture.