Linked from

The 70 pages that link to Al-Andalus, each with the reason it gives.

• ReconquistaRelated: Its shifting extent defined the lands contested during the Reconquista.

• Spanish languageRelated: Long contact with Arabic-speaking societies left a substantial Arabic vocabulary in Spanish.

• Almohad CaliphateRelated: Almohad rulers extended their empire across the Strait of Gibraltar into Iberia.

• IfriqiyaCompared with: It was a western counterpart to Ifriqiya, connected by dynasties and Mediterranean routes.

• AlhambraNarrower topic: The Alhambra is a surviving monument of al-Andalus’s final kingdom.

• EmirateRelated: Al-Andalus saw emirates emerge as Muslim rule shifted between local and central authority.

• SpainRelated: Its centuries of rule left lasting influences on Spanish architecture, agriculture, and culture.

• Umayyad conquest of HispaniaBroader topic: The conquest created the territory and political tradition known by this name.

• AndalusiaNarrower topic: The modern region’s name derives from this historical Muslim-ruled territory.

• Iberian PeninsulaBroader topic: Its centuries of rule transformed Iberian politics, architecture, and scholarship.

• Toledo School of TranslatorsRelated: Toledo’s earlier history under Muslim rule formed part of its Arabic-speaking intellectual context.

• ArabizationRelated: Arabic gained cultural and administrative influence there, though the region's linguistic history differed from later Arabized societies.

• Battle of ToursNarrower topic: Its governor led the northward campaign that reached Frankish lands.

• CórdobaNarrower topic: Córdoba became the principal political center of this changing territory.

• Abd al-Rahman INarrower topic: Abd al-Rahman's emirate was the independent Umayyad state within this broader region.

• Emirate of CórdobaNarrower topic: The emirate was one political form of al-Andalus, not the name of the entire region.

• ToledoRelated: Muslim forces took Toledo in 711, ending Visigothic rule there.

• DhimmīBroader topic: Its shifting governments provide prominent examples of changing conditions for non-Muslim subjects.

• FezRelated: Migration from al-Andalus helped shape Fez’s early population and urban culture.

• Latin translations of the 12th centuryNarrower topic: Its Arabic-speaking scholarly communities and libraries helped make Arabic texts available to translators.

• Song of RolandRelated: The poem recasts the diverse forces of eighth-century Iberia as a unified Saracen enemy.

• Umayyad Caliphate of CórdobaNarrower topic: The caliphate was one political form taken by al-Andalus.

• Abd al-Rahman IIINarrower topic: His reign marked one of the most powerful phases in al-Andalus’s history.

• Tariq ibn ZiyadBroader topic: Tariq’s conquest established the first territories later known by this name.

• Battle of CovadongaNarrower topic: The battle took place during the early expansion of this political sphere.

• Spanish cuisineRelated: Its agricultural and culinary legacies shaped ingredients and techniques in Spanish cooking.

• Arabic musicRelated: Al-Andalus is linked to musical repertoires later cultivated in North Africa.

• Moroccan ArabicRelated: Historical movement between Iberia and Morocco contributed to contact shaping northern Moroccan speech.

• Musa ibn NusayrBroader topic: Musa’s expedition helped establish the Muslim-ruled polity later known as al-Andalus.

• Battle of AlarcosNarrower topic: Alarcos took place amid the struggle for control of al-Andalus.

• ConvivenciaBroader topic: Its cities and courts are central settings in many accounts of interreligious coexistence.

• Moorish architectureNarrower topic: Its changing courts and cities provided the Iberian setting for major architectural works.

• Al-BakriNarrower topic: Al-Bakri wrote within the scholarly culture of Muslim Iberia.

• GazpachoRelated: Earlier Iberian soups and food traditions developed amid the region’s layered cultural history.

• Muslim conquest of the Iberian PeninsulaBroader topic: It emerged as the political and cultural order established by the conquest.

• RodericBroader topic: The conquest that ended Roderic’s reign established the territory later known as al-Andalus.

• SpinachRelated: Spinach reached western Europe through cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula.

• Battle of SagrajasNarrower topic: The battle was part of the struggle over power between its Muslim rulers and northern Christian kingdoms.

• CádizRelated: Muslim rule preceded Cádiz’s incorporation into the Christian kingdom of Castile.

• Ibn TumartRelated: Accounts of Ibn Tumart's travels include study in al-Andalus before his return to the Maghreb.

• Arab Agricultural RevolutionRelated: Iberia offers a regional case for evaluating crop diffusion and irrigation change.

• Jerez de la FronteraNarrower topic: Jerez’s Arabic-derived name and historic urban fabric reflect its centuries within Al-Andalus.

• Moroccan cuisineNarrower topic: Its political and cultural links with Morocco help explain Andalusian elements in Moroccan cuisine.

• Arab cultureBroader topic: Arabic-speaking societies there developed distinctive literary, architectural, and musical traditions.

• El CidNarrower topic: His campaigns crossed political and religious boundaries within al-Andalus and Christian Iberia.

• Islamic literatureBroader topic: Al-Andalus developed distinctive Arabic and Hebrew literary cultures in a multilingual setting.

• Abd al-Mu'minNarrower topic: His campaigns brought much of Muslim Iberia under Almohad authority.

• History of SpainBroader topic: Its changing frontiers and societies shaped centuries of Iberian political history.

• Ibn TufaylNarrower topic: Ibn Tufayl’s career unfolded in the intellectual and political world of Muslim-ruled Iberia.

• Ordoño II of LeónCompared with: Ordoño’s kingdom fought Córdoba, the strongest power within al-Andalus.