Linked from

The 70 pages that link to Al-Andalus, each with the reason it gives.

• Pope Sylvester IIRelated: Its scholarly traditions formed part of the wider intellectual setting behind Gerbert's mathematical interests.

• Abbas ibn FirnasNarrower topic: This political and cultural region was Ibn Firnas’s homeland.

• Abu Bakr ibn al-ArabiNarrower topic: Its scholarly and political institutions formed the setting for his career.

• Al-QurtubiNarrower topic: Al-Qurtubi’s scholarly life began in the Andalusi intellectual world.

• AlgarveRelated: The Algarve’s Arabic name and cultural heritage are rooted in this history.

• Bitter orangeRelated: Bitter orange cultivation became established in Iberia during its medieval agricultural history.

• History of CataloniaRelated: Muslim rule reached parts of Catalonia before Carolingian expansion created a frontier zone.

• Muhammad al-IdrisiRelated: Al-Idrisi was born in Ceuta and belonged to an Andalusi family with broad regional ties.

• Spanish architectureRelated: Its courts and cities fostered architectural forms that endured after Christian conquest.

• Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-GhafiqiNarrower topic: Al-Ghafiqi governed this province before leading his northern campaign.

• AvempaceNarrower topic: Avempace’s life and work belonged to the intellectual culture of Muslim Iberia.

• Culture of EuropeBroader topic: Its multilingual societies fostered exchanges among Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities.

• Golden Age of Jewish Culture in SpainNarrower topic: Most of the period’s major Jewish cultural centers developed within this changing political landscape.

• History of GibraltarNarrower topic: Gibraltar’s medieval history began within the wider transformation of Iberia under Muslim rule.

• History of IslamBroader topic: Its changing societies reveal Islam’s varied political and cultural forms in Europe.

• History of PortugalRelated: Muslim rule in Iberia preceded and overlapped with the Christian expansion that formed Portugal.

• Music of SpainRelated: Its diverse society formed part of the historical setting for Andalusian musical traditions.

• Portuguese peopleRelated: Centuries of contact with Al-Andalus shaped Iberian society, vocabulary, and material culture.

• Spanish gardenNarrower topic: Andalusi architecture and water gardens strongly shaped Spain’s courtyard traditions.

• Umayyad state of CórdobaNarrower topic: The Córdoba polity became the most powerful early medieval state within al-Andalus.