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The 15 pages that link to Antigenic shift, each with the reason it gives.

• VirusBroader topic: Influenza viruses can acquire new antigen combinations through genome reassortment.

• Avian influenzaRelated: Reassortment can create avian-origin viruses with new combinations of traits.

• Antigenic variationCompared with: Unlike gradual or repeated switching within a pathogen, shift creates a new viral combination through reassortment.

• Influenza vaccineRelated: Shift can produce a novel virus that existing vaccine immunity recognizes poorly.

• Antigenic driftCompared with: It contrasts gradual mutation-driven drift with a sudden, major antigenic change.

• InfluenzaRelated: Shift can produce a strain to which humans have little existing immunity.

• Influenza A virusRelated: Shift can produce a virus to which human populations have little preexisting immunity.

• HemagglutininCompared with: Unlike gradual hemagglutinin mutation, reassortment can introduce a substantially different hemagglutinin subtype.

• Viral evolutionBroader topic: Segment exchange can abruptly create antigenically distinct influenza viruses.

• Influenza virusRelated: Influenza A can acquire a novel surface-protein combination through reassortment.

• VirologyRelated: Shift can produce viruses against which human populations have little existing immunity.

• OrthomyxoviridaeRelated: Coinfection can allow influenza viruses to exchange genome segments and produce new antigen combinations.

• 2009 swine flu pandemicRelated: The pandemic virus carried a novel combination of influenza gene segments.

• Asian flu pandemicRelated: Reassortment produced the novel H2N2 strain against which most people lacked immunity.

• Influenza A virus subtype H5N1Related: Reassortment could alter H5N1’s properties if it exchanges gene segments with another influenza virus.