KnowraArnold J. ToynbeeLinked fromLinked fromThe 15 pages that link to Arnold J. Toynbee, each with the reason it gives.All 15Broader topic 2Related 8Compared with 5Oswald SpenglerCompared with: Toynbee pursued comparative civilizational history while rejecting Spengler’s rigidly predetermined cycles.Henry Morgenthau Sr.Compared with: Toynbee assembled evidence as a historian, whereas Morgenthau reported as a serving diplomat.The Decline of the WestCompared with: Toynbee also compared civilizations, but explained their trajectories through challenge and response.Will DurantCompared with: Toynbee also built a grand theory of civilizations, but organized historical change around challenge and response.Pieter GeylCompared with: Geyl criticized Toynbee’s broad patterns of civilizational development as historical determinism.