Knowra Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that impair functioning across settings.
DSM-5 : The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its criteria specify symptom thresholds, onset, impairment, and presentations used to diagnose ADHD.
Neurobiology of ADHD : The study of brain and nervous-system features associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It investigates biological contributions without reducing ADHD to a single brain difference.
ADHD medication : Prescription medicines used to reduce ADHD symptoms, including stimulant and nonstimulant drugs. Medication can improve core symptoms, with selection shaped by response, health, and preferences.
Autism spectrum disorder : A neurodevelopmental condition involving persistent differences in social communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior. It can co-occur with ADHD, but its defining social-communication and behavioral features differ.
ADHD in adults : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that persists into or is diagnosed during adulthood. Adult symptoms may appear as disorganization, restlessness, or difficulty sustaining tasks.
ICD-11 : The World Health Organization’s eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases. It provides an international diagnostic framework for ADHD alongside DSM criteria.
Dopamine : A neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, learning, and reward-related signaling. Dopamine pathways are among the targets of stimulant medications used for ADHD.
Methylphenidate : A stimulant medication that increases dopamine and norepinephrine signaling in the brain. It is a widely used first-line medication for ADHD in children and adults.
Specific learning disorder : A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent difficulty learning or using particular academic skills. Academic struggles may resemble ADHD-related impairment but can arise from distinct learning difficulties.
ADHD in children : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder expressed during childhood development and across a child’s settings. Children’s symptoms are evaluated against developmental expectations and observed across settings.
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