Linked from

The 47 pages that link to Bose–Einstein condensate, each with the reason it gives.

• Pauli exclusion principleCompared with: It demonstrates the shared-state behavior forbidden to identical fermions.

• FermionCompared with: Its shared-state occupation directly contrasts with fermion exclusion.

• Fermi–Dirac statisticsCompared with: Its shared-state population illustrates the opposite of fermionic exclusion.

• Laser coolingBroader topic: Laser cooling commonly prepares atoms for the further evaporative cooling needed to reach condensation.

• SuperfluidityRelated: A shared quantum state underlies superfluidity in dilute atomic gases.

• Bose–Einstein statisticsBroader topic: The distribution predicts its sudden ground-state population below a critical temperature.

• HeliumRelated: Helium-4’s superfluid phase is closely related to macroscopic quantum behavior of bosons.

• Order parameterBroader topic: Its condensate wavefunction acts as an order parameter for phase coherence.

• Absolute zeroBroader topic: It forms only when a gas is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero.

• BCS theoryCompared with: BCS pairs are overlapping fermion composites, unlike tightly bound bosons in the dilute limit.

• BosonBroader topic: It is a direct large-scale consequence of bosonic state sharing.

• Ground stateBroader topic: Its particles macroscopically populate the lowest available single-particle state.

• Helium-4Related: Helium-4’s superfluidity shares collective quantum behavior with dilute-gas condensates, though the systems differ.

• Cooper pairCompared with: Cooper pairs act collectively like bosons, though conventional pairs can strongly overlap rather than form compact molecules.

• Spin–statistics theoremRelated: Its formation depends on the bosonic statistics assigned to integer-spin particles.

• Critical temperatureRelated: The transition occurs below a characteristic temperature in dilute gases and other systems.

• Atom interferometryRelated: Its coherent, ultracold atoms can serve as a source for matter-wave interferometry.

• Fermi gasCompared with: It highlights the collective ground-state occupation forbidden to identical fermions.

• Magneto-optical trapBroader topic: A magneto-optical trap can supply atoms for the further cooling needed to form a condensate.

• Matter waveBroader topic: Its coherent matter wave makes quantum behavior visible on macroscopic scales.

• Quantum statisticsBroader topic: It is a striking consequence of bosonic state sharing at low temperature.

• RubidiumRelated: Rubidium-87 is a widely used atom for producing and studying these condensates.

• Satyendra Nath BoseBroader topic: Einstein predicted this consequence of applying Bose’s statistics to material particles.

• Atomic physicsBroader topic: Ultracold atoms make collective quantum behavior directly accessible.

• Indistinguishable particlesBroader topic: Indistinguishable bosons can accumulate in one state and behave collectively.

• Ultracold atomsBroader topic: It is a prominent collective phase produced with ultracold bosonic atoms.

• Bose–Einstein distributionBroader topic: The distribution predicts the growing ground-state population near condensation.

• Liquid heliumRelated: Helium-4's superfluid transition is related to condensation, though interactions make the connection nontrivial.

• Low-temperature physicsBroader topic: It is a striking collective quantum phase created by cooling.

• Quantum degeneracyBroader topic: It is a prominent outcome of cooling a dilute bosonic gas into degeneracy.

• Nonlinear Schrödinger equationRelated: Its mean-field dynamics are often modeled by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, a nonlinear Schrödinger form.

• Steven ChuRelated: Laser cooling helped make ultracold atomic samples available for reaching this regime.

• Carl WiemanBroader topic: Wieman’s group created this state in a dilute gas of rubidium atoms.

• Claude Cohen-TannoudjiRelated: Laser cooling helps prepare atomic samples cold enough to reach this quantum phase.

• Degenerate matterCompared with: Bosons can share states, unlike the fermions whose exclusion generates ordinary degeneracy pressure.

• Bose gasBroader topic: This is the Bose gas’s characteristic low-temperature transition.

• State of matterBroader topic: It reveals a collective quantum state unlike ordinary solids, liquids, and gases.

• Wolfgang KetterleBroader topic: Ketterle’s cooling sequence produced this collective quantum state in a dilute gas.

• Particle statisticsBroader topic: Bosonic occupation permits a collective state with macroscopic coherence.

• Superfluid helium-4Narrower topic: It provides a broad framework for understanding macroscopic quantum behavior in helium-4.

• Classical fluidBroader topic: It is a specific quantum fluid sharply unlike a classical gas.

• SupersolidRelated: Condensation provides a route to coherent flow in many supersolid experiments.

• Atomic systemBroader topic: Ultracold atoms can form a collective quantum state on a macroscopic scale.

• Cold atoms and matter wavesBroader topic: Its shared phase makes a cold gas behave as a coherent matter wave.

• Eric Allin CornellNarrower topic: It is the phenomenon Cornell and Wieman first achieved in a dilute atomic gas.

• List of unsolved problems in physicsBroader topic: It provides a controllable setting for studying emergent quantum behavior.

• William Daniel PhillipsBroader topic: Laser cooling and trapping helped create the ultracold conditions needed for its experimental realization.