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The 40 pages that link to Carotenoid, each with the reason it gives.

• Conjugated systemBroader topic: Their extended conjugation produces visible-light absorption and characteristic pigment colors.

• MelaninCompared with: Carotenoids can color skin and hair, but they are chemically distinct from melanin.

• ChlorophyllCompared with: Unlike chlorophyll, carotenoids can dissipate excess excitation and quench damaging reactive oxygen.

• AnthocyaninCompared with: Carotenoids create overlapping warm hues but differ from water-soluble anthocyanins in chemistry.

• MelanocyteCompared with: Carotenoids can affect animal coloration, but melanocytes do not synthesize them.

• Vitamin ANarrower topic: Some carotenoids supply vitamin A after conversion, while others do not.

• PhotoprotectionRelated: They quench reactive oxygen species and contribute to energy dissipation in photosynthetic tissues.

• Bird plumageRelated: Diet-derived carotenoids create bright colors in some plumage.

• TomatoRelated: Carotenoids give ripe tomatoes much of their red, orange, and yellow color.

• ChromatophoreRelated: Carotenoids supply color to some chromatophores, often after animals acquire them through food.

• Fruit ripeningRelated: Their accumulation gives many ripening fruits vivid yellow, orange, or red hues.

• IsoprenoidBroader topic: Their conjugated structures give plants and microbes color while helping manage light.

• SaffronNarrower topic: Crocin belongs to this pigment family, which also includes beta-carotene.

• Beta-caroteneNarrower topic: Beta-carotene belongs to this pigment family and shares its light-absorbing structure.

• FlavonoidCompared with: Carotenoids also color plants, but have a different structure and biosynthetic origin.

• Richard WillstätterRelated: Willstätter's pigment investigations also examined these compounds alongside chlorophyll.

• Singlet oxygenRelated: Carotenoids can deactivate singlet oxygen and protect photosynthetic systems from excess light.

• TerpenoidBroader topic: Carotenoids are terpenoid pigments used in photosynthesis and as food colorants.

• LuteinNarrower topic: Lutein is one member of this broader pigment family.

• JalapeñoRelated: Their accumulation helps turn ripening jalapeños from green to red.

• Richard KuhnNarrower topic: These pigments were central subjects in Kuhn’s research and Nobel-recognized investigations.

• Sexual dichromatismBroader topic: In some animals, access to dietary carotenoids influences the colors expressed by each sex.

• Butternut squashRelated: Carotenoids give its orange flesh color and include beta-carotene.

• Animal colorationRelated: Animals often acquire carotenoids through food and incorporate them into visible colors.

• AutumnRelated: As green chlorophyll breaks down, carotenoids become visible in turning leaves.

• FucoxanthinNarrower topic: Fucoxanthin is a distinctive member of this pigment family.

• LycopeneNarrower topic: Lycopene belongs to this pigment family, whose members differ in structure and color.

• ZeaxanthinNarrower topic: Zeaxanthin belongs to this pigment family, whose conjugated structures absorb visible light.

• Paul KarrerNarrower topic: Their molecular structures were a central subject of Karrer’s early research.

• AstaxanthinNarrower topic: Astaxanthin belongs to this pigment family, whose shared structure absorbs visible light.

• SafflowerCompared with: Many familiar plant colors come from carotenoids, whereas safflower’s notable red dye is carthamin.

• Spaghetti squashRelated: These pigments help give many spaghetti squash varieties their golden flesh.

• StrigolactoneNarrower topic: Strigolactone biosynthesis begins with carotenoid substrates.

• Biological pigmentBroader topic: Carotenoids add color and can support light harvesting and photoprotection.

• TuracoCompared with: Turacin’s copper-based chemistry differs from the common carotenoid source of red bird feathers.

• AnthoxanthinCompared with: Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments, unlike water-soluble anthoxanthins.

• Domestic canaryRelated: Dietary carotenoids contribute to the yellow and red plumage colors prized in canaries.

• Sunset Yellow FCFCompared with: These natural pigments can provide comparable hues through a different molecular family.

• Yellow-green algaeRelated: Carotenoids help produce the yellow tones that distinguish these algae.

• Yukon Gold potatoRelated: Carotenoid pigments contribute to the yellow color of Yukon Gold flesh.