Linked from

The 50 pages that link to Charlemagne, each with the reason it gives.

• Holy Roman EmpireRelated: His coronation supplied a precedent for later rulers’ claims to Roman imperial authority.

• Carolingian RenaissanceRelated: His patronage and reforms gave the revival its strongest political backing.

• EuropeRelated: His empire became a lasting reference point for ideas of European unity.

• Louis the PiousRelated: Louis inherited the empire and imperial title created by his father.

• Anno DominiRelated: His court's adoption helped establish Anno Domini dating in western European records.

• FilioqueRelated: His court promoted the Filioque and challenged its omission from the Greek creed.

• Carolingian minusculeRelated: His court's educational reforms created demand for more legible books.

• Lombard KingdomRelated: His Italian campaign transformed the kingdom into a Frankish possession.

• Abd al-Rahman IRelated: His failed 778 expedition into Iberia unfolded during Abd al-Rahman's reign.

• Chanson de gesteRelated: His court and campaigns form the imagined center of many poem cycles.

• AachenRelated: His court and palace made Aachen a principal center of Carolingian power.

• Donation of PepinRelated: He confirmed and expanded his father’s territorial settlement after conquering the Lombard kingdom.

• Song of RolandRelated: His 778 campaign in Spain provides the poem’s political setting.

• Alcuin of YorkRelated: Charlemagne invited Alcuin to court and relied on his scholarship and counsel.

• Carolingian artRelated: His court commissioned major works and helped define the period’s imperial artistic program.

• Imperial coronationRelated: His coronation established the precedent later emperors invoked.

• Kingdom of ItalyRelated: He conquered the Lombard kingdom and established Carolingian rule in Italy.

• Oaths of StrasbourgRelated: His empire was the inheritance contested by the oath-taking brothers.

• LombardsRelated: His conquest ended Lombard royal rule while preserving some local institutions.

• Ludovico AriostoRelated: Ariosto places Orlando and other paladins in Charlemagne’s fictionalized court.

• Pope Leo IIIRelated: Leo crowned him emperor in Rome, linking his imperial title to papal authority.

• EinhardRelated: Einhard served Charlemagne and made him the subject of his most famous work.

• Aachen CathedralRelated: He commissioned the palace chapel as a centerpiece of his residence at Aachen.

• Battle of Roncevaux PassRelated: His expedition and rearguard’s defeat anchored the event in Carolingian history.

• Offa of MerciaRelated: Diplomatic contact and dynastic marriage connected Offa’s court with Charlemagne’s power.

• RolandRelated: Roland serves Charlemagne as a warrior and nephew in the epic tradition.

• Saxon WarsRelated: He directed the campaigns and made Saxon submission a condition of Frankish rule.

• History of the alphabetRelated: Carolingian script reforms helped make a more legible Latin handwriting tradition widespread.

• Salvia officinalisRelated: His Capitulare de villis listed sage among plants to be grown on imperial estates.

• History of AndorraRelated: Andorran tradition links the principality’s early privileges to Charlemagne’s campaign against Muslim rule.

• History of BavariaRelated: His campaigns ended the Agilolfing dynasty and subordinated Bavaria to the Carolingian Empire.

• Medieval renaissancesRelated: His court supported educational and religious reforms associated with the Carolingian revival.

• Pannonian AvarsRelated: His campaigns helped bring the Avar Khaganate to an end.