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The 162 pages that link to Cosmic microwave background, each with the reason it gives.

• Primordial nucleosynthesisRelated: Its measured temperature fluctuations constrain the baryon density used in abundance predictions.

• Shapley SuperclusterRelated: Its observed dipole and distortions help constrain motions and mass along directions including Shapley.

• Galaxy filamentRelated: Its measurements constrain the initial conditions from which filaments grew.

• Mach's principleRelated: Its rest frame gives cosmology a measurable reference, raising questions about whether that frame explains local inertia.

• Ralph AlpherRelated: Alpher and Herman predicted this radiation’s present temperature, decades before its detection.

• Scale invarianceRelated: Its temperature fluctuations are analyzed through scale-dependent patterns in the sky.

• United States Antarctic ProgramRelated: The South Pole’s dry, stable atmosphere enables observations of this faint radiation.

• Warm–hot intergalactic mediumRelated: Its photons provide a background against which hot electrons in the medium can be detected.

• Big RipRelated: Its measured properties anchor estimates of the universe's contents and expansion history.

• Cosmological parametersRelated: Its temperature and polarization patterns encode several cosmological parameters.

• Geoffrey BurbidgeRelated: Its interpretation as evidence for a hot early universe became a key challenge to his cosmological position.

• Modified gravityRelated: Its temperature and polarization patterns constrain gravity’s role in cosmic evolution.

• Dark Energy SurveyRelated: DES results were compared with early-universe constraints from this radiation.

• High-Z Supernova Search TeamRelated: Its independent constraints provide a test of cosmological interpretations based on supernovae.

• Horizon problemRelated: Its nearly uniform temperature across distant regions is the puzzle’s central observation.

• National Radio Astronomy ObservatoryRelated: NRAO's Green Bank instruments have contributed to measurements of this radiation and its fluctuations.

• Flatness problemRelated: Its temperature and polarization patterns constrain spatial curvature independently of the theoretical puzzle.

• Loop quantum cosmologyRelated: Its measured patterns constrain proposed imprints of quantum cosmological evolution.

• Missing baryon problemRelated: Its baryon-density measurement supplies the predicted inventory against which nearby matter was compared.

• Ultra-high-energy cosmic rayRelated: Its photons interact with the highest-energy cosmic rays during intergalactic travel.

• Big BounceRelated: Its measured patterns constrain how a pre-bounce phase could influence the observable universe.

• Cyclic modelRelated: Its measured temperature patterns constrain proposed signatures of earlier cosmic cycles.

• Outer spaceRelated: This radiation permeates space and provides evidence about the universe's early history.

• Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paperRelated: Its discovery later supported the hot-cosmos setting in which the paper placed nucleosynthesis.

• Universe (cosmology)Related: Its temperature and patterns preserve evidence about the universe when it was roughly 380,000 years old.

• Electromagnetic astronomyRelated: Its measured spectrum and tiny variations constrain the universe’s early history and composition.

• Lepton epochRelated: Its temperature reflects the photon bath whose history included lepton annihilation.

• Physical cosmologyRelated: Its temperature pattern records conditions in the young universe.

• Structure formationRelated: Its temperature anisotropies reveal the small primordial density variations that seed later structure.

• Boötes VoidRelated: Its tiny primordial density variations seeded the structures from which voids later developed.

• Chronology of the universeRelated: Its temperature and tiny fluctuations preserve evidence of conditions around recombination.

• Expansion of the UniverseRelated: Its temperature and pattern constrain the universe's expansion history.

• Observational cosmologyRelated: Its temperature and polarization patterns encode conditions in the early universe.

• Photon epochRelated: Its photons preserve a record of conditions near the end of photon domination.

• Primordial fluctuationsRelated: Its temperature variations preserve a snapshot of primordial perturbations.

• Tired lightRelated: Its blackbody spectrum and observed anisotropies are naturally accounted for by expansion, not simple photon energy loss.

• Arno Allan PenziasRelated: The unexplained signal measured by Penzias and Wilson was this radiation.

• Astronomical masses and mass distributionsRelated: Its measured fluctuations constrain the universe's matter density and composition.

• Entropy as an arrow of timeRelated: Its near-uniformity provides evidence about the early universe's unusual thermodynamic condition.

• Formation and evolution of stars and galaxiesRelated: Its tiny temperature variations reveal initial density fluctuations that later grew into structure.

• Grand unification epochRelated: Its measured properties constrain inflationary histories proposed after grand unification.

• Hadron eraRelated: Its measured properties constrain the later cosmic history of the matter left by early annihilations.

• Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias OlbersRelated: It shows that the universe has a history and that distant radiation is stretched by cosmic expansion.

• Hubble volumeRelated: Its anisotropies are analyzed across angular scales related to the Hubble scale at last scattering.

• Intergalactic dustRelated: Constraints on its spectrum and anisotropies help limit possible intergalactic dust effects.

• Jim PeeblesRelated: Peebles developed influential predictions about this radiation before its discovery.

• List of the most distant astronomical objectsRelated: It is the most distant electromagnetic light observable, though it is not a discrete object.

• List of unsolved problems in physicsRelated: Its measured patterns constrain cosmological models and the universe’s composition.

• Physics beyond the Standard ModelRelated: Its measured patterns constrain dark matter, neutrino properties, and early-universe physics.

• Shape of the universeRelated: Its acoustic patterns provide precise constraints on spatial curvature.