Linked from

The 108 pages that link to Cultural relativism, each with the reason it gives.

• EroticismRelated: Erotic symbols and boundaries do not carry identical meanings across cultures.

• Counter-EnlightenmentRelated: Herder's attention to distinct cultures became one antecedent of later challenges to universal standards.

• Beauty (aesthetics)Related: It cautions against treating one culture’s beauty standards as universal.

• Clifford GeertzRelated: Geertz’s insistence on local meaning aligns with contextual understanding, though it is not identical to his method.

• Colonial anthropologyCompared with: It counters colonial rankings that treat European norms as universal measures of social development.

• EthnologyRelated: It helps avoid judging unfamiliar customs solely by another society’s standards.

• ExoticismCompared with: It resists judging unfamiliar practices through assumptions that exotic depictions often leave unexamined.

• Oswald SpenglerRelated: Spengler’s insistence on culture-specific worldviews anticipates one aspect of this approach.

• Social evolutionCompared with: It counters judgments that treat one society's institutions as the universal standard of progress.

• ArchaeoastronomyRelated: It cautions against imposing modern astronomical categories on past societies’ sky knowledge.

• ArchetypeCompared with: It challenges readings that treat similar motifs as evidence of a universal inherited pattern.

• DiffusionismRelated: It cautions against treating a borrowed trait as unchanged or identical across societies.

• MoralCompared with: Different societies can draw conflicting lessons from the same conduct.

• Noble savageRelated: It helps distinguish critique of European standards from idealizing other societies as naturally pure.

• WorldviewCompared with: It concerns cross-cultural judgment, not the full structure of a worldview.

• Culture and personalityRelated: It supported comparison without ranking societies against a single standard, while leaving room for contested generalizations.

• HistoriesRelated: Herodotus’s customs comparisons often show how practices that seem strange depend on viewpoint.

• Houston Stewart ChamberlainCompared with: It rejects the hierarchy of civilizations that Chamberlain built around racial categories.

• Intercultural communicationRelated: It cautions against judging communication practices solely by one's own cultural standards.

• SuperegoCompared with: It highlights how standards vary across cultures, unlike a fixed universal account of superego formation.

• Vine Deloria Jr.Compared with: Deloria criticized relativist scholarship when it displaced Indigenous authority over knowledge and interpretation.

• Jean-François LyotardCompared with: Lyotard’s pluralism is often compared with relativism, though his concern centers on conflicts between discourses.

• Psychological anthropologyRelated: It challenges psychological explanations that treat one society’s norms as universal standards.

• The Left Hand of DarknessRelated: Genly’s judgments repeatedly fail when he treats Gethenian customs as familiar ones.

• Unilineal evolutionCompared with: It opposed the ranking of societies against a presumed endpoint of development.

• Alfred KroeberRelated: Kroeber’s Boasian training supported interpretation of cultures on their own terms rather than ranking them.

• Asian valuesRelated: The outlook raises the question of whether cultural difference can justify different political standards.

• Cultural universalRelated: It helps distinguish a recurring human pattern from assumptions imposed by one society.

• History of anthropologyRelated: It challenged rankings that treated Western institutions as a universal standard of development.

• Marshall SahlinsRelated: Sahlins’s insistence on culturally specific meanings exemplifies this interpretive commitment.

• SacrednessNarrower topic: It cautions against treating one tradition's account of sacredness as universal.

• William Graham SumnerRelated: Sumner’s account of customs emphasized how social standards develop within particular groups.

• CarnismCompared with: It helps distinguish explaining meat-eating traditions from morally endorsing them.

• Lila Abu-LughodCompared with: Her work resists both uncontextualized judgment and the idea that cultures are sealed, timeless wholes.

• Robert LowieRelated: Lowie applied Boasian opposition to ethnocentric judgments in studying Indigenous cultures.

• Coming of Age in SamoaRelated: Mead compared Samoan practices with American assumptions about proper development.

• Lionel TrillingCompared with: Trilling resisted treating cultural difference as a reason to suspend moral judgment.

• Manuel GamioRelated: Boasian approaches to cultural difference informed Gamio’s attention to Indigenous life on its own terms.

• CockfightingRelated: Debates over bans often weigh cultural tradition against animal-protection principles.

• Dog meatRelated: It shapes arguments about whether outside criticism of dog meat consumption is respectful or justified.

• EthnopluralismRelated: Ethnopluralist arguments invoke respect for difference while prescribing separation.

• European valuesCompared with: It challenges claims that European principles apply universally across cultures.

• History of human rightsCompared with: It challenges claims that human rights norms apply uniformly across societies.

• Honor killingCompared with: Contextual understanding does not make murder acceptable or remove perpetrators’ accountability.

• Kohlberg's stages of moral developmentCompared with: Cross-cultural differences complicate claims that Kohlberg's stages form a universal hierarchy.

• Lewis H. MorganCompared with: This approach opposes ranking societies against Morgan’s proposed universal stages.

• Sociocultural evolutionCompared with: It counters rankings that treat one society's institutions as a universal measure of progress.

• Anti-Western sentimentRelated: It can support resistance to imposing Western standards without requiring hostility toward Western societies.

• Cat meatRelated: It helps distinguish local food practices from judgments imposed by outsiders.

• Culture (arts and learning)Compared with: It challenges universal rankings of artistic achievement and cultivated taste.