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The 25 pages that link to Electron spin, each with the reason it gives.

• Pauli exclusion principleRelated: Spin supplied the extra state label needed to account for electron configurations.

• Zeeman effectRelated: Spin clarified why many measured splitting patterns exceeded Lorentz's simple prediction.

• Molecular orbitalRelated: Spin limits each spatial molecular orbital to two electrons with opposite spin.

• FerromagnetismNarrower topic: Electron spin supplies much of the moment that orders in ferromagnets.

• Aufbau principleRelated: Opposite spin states allow two electrons to share one spatial orbital.

• ParamagnetismBroader topic: Electron spin contributes to the magnetic moments responsible for paramagnetism.

• Fine structureRelated: Its coupling to orbital angular momentum distinguishes fine-structure states.

• Bond dissociation energyRelated: The spin states of the resulting radicals can affect the dissociation limit.

• Electron paramagnetic resonanceBroader topic: EPR detects transitions between electron spin states.

• Hyperfine structureRelated: Its magnetic moment contributes to the electronic field that couples to the nucleus.

• Nuclear spinCompared with: It is another intrinsic spin, but belongs to electrons rather than composite nuclei.

• Stern–Gerlach experimentRelated: Modern theory explains the silver atom’s two beam components through its unpaired electron’s spin.

• MagnetismRelated: Electron spin supplies a major source of atomic magnetism.

• SpintronicsBroader topic: Spintronics exploits this degree of freedom alongside electron charge.

• Electron magnetic momentRelated: The electron’s intrinsic magnetic moment is proportional to its spin.

• Bohr magnetonRelated: An electron's spin magnetic moment is approximately one Bohr magneton in magnitude.

• Sommerfeld modelRelated: Spin contributes to atomic spectral structure that Sommerfeld’s original orbit model could not fully explain.

• 4f orbitalRelated: Two spin states let each of the seven 4f orbitals hold two electrons.

• Pauli paramagnetismRelated: Its two orientations provide the populations that the field redistributes.

• Albert FertNarrower topic: Giant magnetoresistance depends on how spin orientations affect electron transport.

• Polykarp KuschRelated: The electron’s spin gives rise to the magnetic dipole Kusch measured.

• Atomic magnetometerNarrower topic: Electron spin supplies much of the magnetic response measured in alkali-vapor sensors.

• Pauli equationRelated: Its introduction created the need to extend wave mechanics beyond scalar wavefunctions.

• Hund's rule of maximum multiplicityRelated: Parallel spin projections give singly occupied orbitals the maximum total spin.

• Joule-secondRelated: Its angular-momentum values are expressed in joule-seconds.