Euromaidan

Euromaidan was a wave of protests in Ukraine from 2013 to 2014, sparked by the government’s rejection of an agreement with the European Union and ending with President Viktor Yanukovych’s removal from power.

Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement: A proposed political and trade agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, initialed in 2012. Yanukovych’s government suspended preparations to sign it in November 2013, triggering the first demonstrations.
Maidan Nezalezhnosti: Kyiv’s central Independence Square, a major civic gathering place. It became the movement’s main protest site and gave Euromaidan its name.
Mustafa Nayyem: A Ukrainian journalist and politician whose social-media post helped call people to Kyiv’s protests in November 2013. His appeal helped launch the demonstrations after the government halted preparations for the EU agreement.
Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation: Russia’s 2014 seizure and incorporation of Crimea, a peninsula then administered by Ukraine. It followed Yanukovych’s removal and sharply escalated the crisis over Ukraine’s sovereignty.
Viktor Yanukovych: A Ukrainian politician who served as president from 2010 until his removal in 2014. His government’s reversal on the EU agreement and response to protests became central grievances.
Berkut: A Ukrainian special police force disbanded in 2014. Its use against demonstrators, especially during the February violence, intensified public opposition.
Arseniy Yatsenyuk: A Ukrainian politician who became prime minister in February 2014 after Yanukovych’s departure. He was one of the opposition leaders negotiating with the government during the protests.
Russo-Ukrainian War: An armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine that began in 2014 and expanded into a full-scale invasion in 2022. The conflict began amid the upheaval and disputes over Ukraine’s political direction.
Orange Revolution: A 2004–2005 Ukrainian protest movement against electoral fraud that led to a new presidential election. Its history of mass protest and contested political power preceded Euromaidan.
Hrushevsky Street riots: Clashes in Kyiv in January 2014 between protesters and police near Hrushevsky Street. The confrontations marked a shift from largely peaceful demonstrations to sustained street battles.

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