Linked from

The 23 pages that link to European Council, each with the reason it gives.

• European UnionRelated: It sets the Union’s strategic direction but does not ordinarily make laws.

• European ParliamentCompared with: Unlike Parliament, it represents heads of government and sets strategic direction rather than passing laws.

• European CommissionRelated: Its leaders nominate the Commission president and shape the Commission’s strategic agenda.

• Maastricht TreatyRelated: European Council meetings at Strasbourg and Maastricht launched and shaped the treaty negotiations.

• BrusselsRelated: Its meetings in Brussels bring national leaders to the city for major decisions.

• Council of EuropeCompared with: It is an EU body, unlike the Council of Europe’s intergovernmental organization.

• Enlargement of the European UnionRelated: EU leaders decide key enlargement steps, including opening negotiations and accepting new members.

• Single European ActRelated: Its 1985 Milan meeting launched the negotiations that produced the treaty.

• Council of the European UnionCompared with: Despite the similar name, it brings together heads of state or government, not ministers acting as legislators.

• Democratic deficitRelated: National leaders negotiate major EU priorities there, often outside direct electoral scrutiny of each decision.

• IntergovernmentalismBroader topic: National leaders set broad priorities through direct intergovernmental deliberation.

• European federalismCompared with: Its intergovernmental character contrasts with federalists’ preference for supranational authority.

• European People's PartyRelated: EPP-affiliated leaders can coordinate positions here through the party's summit meetings.

• Nordic CouncilCompared with: Unlike this EU institution, the Nordic Council is a regional parliamentary cooperation body without equivalent executive authority.

• Ursula von der LeyenRelated: It proposes a candidate for Commission president after European elections.

• Valéry Giscard d'EstaingRelated: Giscard d'Estaing helped establish regular summits of national leaders that became the European Council.

• Visegrád GroupCompared with: Unlike this formal EU institution, the Visegrád Group has no treaty-based authority over its members.

• Council of the Baltic Sea StatesCompared with: Despite the similar name, it is an EU institution rather than a Baltic regional forum.

• Donald TuskBroader topic: As its president, Tusk chaired its meetings during negotiations over migration, security, and Brexit.

• Jacques DelorsRelated: Delors needed agreement from national leaders to turn Commission proposals into treaty commitments.

• Jean-Claude JunckerRelated: Juncker’s European roles required sustained negotiation with the national leaders gathered here.

• History of the European UnionRelated: National leaders have repeatedly steered integration through high-level compromises.

• Politics of GermanyRelated: The German chancellor represents Germany in negotiations among EU leaders.