First Intifada

The First Intifada was a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip from 1987 to 1993, marked by mass protest, civil disobedience, strikes, and violence.

Palestinian National Steering Committee: A clandestine coalition of Palestinian factions that coordinated protest and civil-disobedience campaigns during the First Intifada. Its communiqués organized local committees, strikes, boycotts, and other forms of resistance.
Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: Israel's military control of the West Bank and Gaza Strip after their capture in 1967. This system of rule was the uprising's central political grievance.
Yasser Arafat: A Palestinian political leader who chaired the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1969 and led Fatah. His leadership abroad shaped the PLO's response and negotiations during the uprising.
Oslo Accords: The 1993 and 1995 agreements between Israel and the PLO that established limited Palestinian self-government. The uprising's political pressures helped lead to the negotiations culminating in the 1993 agreement.
Second Intifada: A Palestinian uprising against Israel that began in 2000 and involved widespread violence. Its greater militarization contrasts with the First Intifada's extensive civil disobedience and popular mobilization.
Unified National Leadership of the Uprising: A clandestine coalition of Palestinian factions that issued directives coordinating the First Intifada. Its leaflets translated uprising-wide goals into recurring actions and local instructions.
Gaza Strip: A narrow coastal territory on the eastern Mediterranean, bordering Israel and Egypt. The uprising began in Gaza's Jabalia refugee camp after a deadly traffic incident.
Khalil al-Wazir: A Palestinian nationalist known as Abu Jihad, who was a senior Fatah and PLO military leader. He helped direct the PLO's support for the uprising before his assassination in 1988.
Palestinian Authority: An interim self-governing body established by the Oslo Accords to administer parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It emerged from the negotiated framework that followed the uprising.
Arab Revolt in Palestine: A Palestinian Arab uprising against British rule and Zionist immigration from 1936 to 1939. It was an earlier revolt against a different governing power, decades before the First Intifada.

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