Linked from

The 52 pages that link to Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, each with the reason it gives.

• American Civil WarRelated: It addressed citizenship and legal equality after emancipation.

• Due processRelated: Its Due Process Clause applies the principle to state governments.

• Frederick DouglassRelated: Its citizenship guarantee addressed demands Douglass had long made for Black Americans.

• Reconstruction eraRelated: It made citizenship and equal protection central federal claims during Reconstruction.

• Brown v. Board of EducationRelated: Its Equal Protection Clause supplied the constitutional basis for the Court’s decision.

• Republican PartyRelated: Republican-led Reconstruction made its ratification a central national settlement.

• United States Bill of RightsRelated: Its Due Process Clause later supported applying most Bill of Rights protections to states.

• Dred Scott v. SandfordRelated: It established birthright citizenship and overturned the decision’s citizenship holding.

• Supreme Court of the United StatesRelated: Its clauses underpin many major rulings on civil rights and liberties.

• Equality before the lawRelated: Its Equal Protection Clause became a central constitutional basis for challenging unequal state treatment.

• Roe v. WadeRelated: Roe located its protected liberty interest in the amendment’s Due Process Clause.

• Thirteenth Amendment to the United States ConstitutionRelated: It addressed citizenship and legal equality left unsettled by abolition alone.

• African-American historyRelated: It redefined citizenship after slavery and became a basis for later civil-rights litigation.

• Fourth Amendment to the United States ConstitutionRelated: It is the route through which the Fourth Amendment binds state and local governments.

• Susan B. AnthonyRelated: Anthony argued that its citizenship protections should include women’s voting rights, a claim courts rejected.

• Plessy v. FergusonRelated: The Court interpreted its Equal Protection Clause to permit segregation.

• Black CodesRelated: It constitutionalized protections against state laws that denied Black people equal civil status.

• Civil rightsRelated: Its Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses ground many modern civil-rights claims.

• Eminent domainRelated: Its Due Process Clause made the Takings Clause applicable to state and local governments.

• Andrew JohnsonRelated: Congress used ratification of the amendment as a condition for former Confederate states’ representation.

• EmancipationRelated: It addressed citizenship and legal equality left unsettled by abolition alone.

• PersonhoodRelated: Its use of “person” has made constitutional personhood a recurring legal question.

• Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health OrganizationRelated: The majority rejected the claim that its Due Process Clause protects a right to abortion.

• Griswold v. ConnecticutRelated: The Court’s concurring opinions relied on the amendment’s Due Process Clause to support constitutional protection.

• National Woman Suffrage AssociationRelated: The NWSA debated whether its language already protected women’s voting rights.

• American Equal Rights AssociationRelated: Debates over its proposed use of the word “male” intensified the association’s disagreement over suffrage.

• United States Colored TroopsRelated: Black soldiers’ wartime claims to national belonging formed part of the context for its adoption.

• Furman v. GeorgiaRelated: The decision applied the Eighth Amendment’s restriction to state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.

• Eighth Amendment to the United States ConstitutionRelated: Its Due Process Clause carries Eighth Amendment protections against state governments.

• Fifteenth Amendment to the United States ConstitutionRelated: Its citizenship and equal-protection provisions complemented the Fifteenth Amendment’s specific voting rule.

• Civil liberties in the United StatesRelated: Its Due Process Clause made most Bill of Rights protections applicable to states.

• Dunning SchoolRelated: Its grant of citizenship and equal protection formed part of the postwar changes condemned by Dunning writers.

• Interracial marriageRelated: The Supreme Court relied on its Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses in Loving v. Virginia.

• Roger B. TaneyRelated: Its Citizenship Clause repudiated Dred Scott’s exclusion of Black Americans from national citizenship.

• Scottsboro BoysRelated: The Supreme Court relied on its protections to address counsel and racial jury exclusion.

• William J. Brennan Jr.Related: Its Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses anchored many of Brennan’s rights opinions.

• Eric FonerRelated: Foner traces how Reconstruction transformed citizenship through this amendment and its contested meanings.

• Thaddeus StevensRelated: Stevens defended the amendment as a foundation for civil and political equality after slavery.

• Victoria WoodhullRelated: Woodhull used its citizenship language to argue that women had a constitutional right to vote.

• Right to Keep and Bear ArmsRelated: Its Due Process Clause is the route through which the Second Amendment binds states.