French Guiana

French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France on South America’s northern coast, between Suriname and Brazil. It is part of the European Union and uses the euro.

Overseas department: An administrative department of France located outside metropolitan France. French Guiana combines departmental administration with a location in South America.
French colonization of the Americas: France's establishment of colonies and settlements in the Americas from the sixteenth century onward. French Guiana emerged from France's colonial expansion in South America.
Guiana Space Centre: A European spaceport near Kourou in French Guiana, operated by the French space agency and European partners. Its equatorial location makes the territory a major launch site for European missions.
Metropolitan France: The part of France located in Europe, including Corsica. French Guiana is legally French but lies across the Atlantic from metropolitan France.
Guiana Shield: An ancient geological region of northeastern South America containing some of Earth's oldest exposed rocks. Its terrain and rivers belong to this continental geological region.
Cayenne penal colony: A French penal colony system centered in French Guiana, operating from the nineteenth century until 1953. Penal labor and deportation left a major mark on the territory's history.
Ariane 5: A European heavy-lift launch vehicle that operated from the Guiana Space Centre between 1996 and 2023. It was the spaceport's signature launcher for commercial and institutional payloads.
Suriname: A sovereign country west of French Guiana, formerly a Dutch colony. Unlike neighboring Suriname, French Guiana remains part of France.
Cayenne: The capital and largest city of French Guiana, situated on the Atlantic coast. The territorial government and most urban life are centered here.
Slavery in French Guiana: The enslavement of Africans in French Guiana's colonial plantation economy until abolition in 1848. Its abolition transformed the population and labor system of the colony.

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