Ganden Phodrang

The Tibetan government established under the Fifth Dalai Lama in the seventeenth century, with authority centered in Lhasa. It governed Tibet in varying forms until 1959.

Dalai Lama: A lineage of Tibetan Buddhist leaders whose holders have served as religious and political authorities. The Fifth Dalai Lama founded the government, and later Dalai Lamas headed it.
Fifth Dalai Lama: Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, the Dalai Lama who unified much of Tibet under his rule in the seventeenth century. He established the government and shaped its early political and religious authority.
Qing dynasty: China's last imperial dynasty, which ruled from 1644 to 1912. Qing emperors intervened in Tibetan affairs while the Lhasa government retained substantial local authority.
Tibetan Empire: A Central Asian empire that expanded from Tibet between the seventh and ninth centuries. It was an earlier Tibetan state with imperial institutions unlike Ganden Phodrang's religious and regional order.
Tibet (historical region): A high-altitude region of Central Asia with a long history of distinct political and cultural traditions. The government claimed authority across this region, though its control varied.
Güshi Khan: A Khoshut Mongol ruler who conquered Tibet and installed the Fifth Dalai Lama as its political leader. His military intervention made the Fifth Dalai Lama's consolidation possible.
Amban: An imperial resident appointed by the Qing court to oversee its interests in Tibet. The office became one instrument of Qing influence in Lhasa.
Yuan dynasty: A Chinese dynasty established by Mongol rulers that governed China and parts of Inner Asia from 1271 to 1368. Yuan-era arrangements provide an earlier, distinct model of Mongol-Tibetan political ties.
Potala Palace: A palace complex in Lhasa that served as the Dalai Lama's residence and a center of Tibetan government. It became the most visible seat of the government's authority in Lhasa.
Khoshut Khanate: A Mongol polity whose rulers exercised power in Tibet during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Khoshut support helped establish the new government, before the relationship shifted.

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