Linked from

The 47 pages that link to German unification, each with the reason it gives.

• NationalismBroader topic: It demonstrates how nationalism and state power combined to consolidate a nation-state.

• Congress of ViennaRelated: Unification replaced the loose German Confederation created at Vienna with a powerful nation-state.

• Ethnic nationalismBroader topic: German unification illustrates how shared language and historical identity could support state formation.

• Revolutions of 1848Related: The Frankfurt Parliament’s failure redirected, but did not end, the drive for German unity.

• Otto von BismarckNarrower topic: Bismarck directed the wars and diplomacy that made unification possible.

• Napoleon IIIRelated: The empire's formation after French defeat reversed Napoleon III's effort to preserve a balance of power.

• Romantic nationalismBroader topic: Cultural ideas of German nationhood predated and helped shape the later drive for political unity.

• Nation-stateBroader topic: It offers a prominent case of political consolidation framed around national identity.

• Austro-Prussian WarNarrower topic: The war removed Austria as a contender and made a Prussian-led solution possible.

• German nationalismBroader topic: It achieved state unity while narrowing the liberal and popular ambitions of earlier nationalists.

• Prussian ArmyRelated: Military victories under Prussian command made unification by force possible.

• Concert of EuropeBroader topic: Unification transformed the European balance the Concert had sought to preserve.

• German colonial empireRelated: A unified state created the political setting for Germany’s later overseas expansion.

• Helmuth von Moltke the ElderNarrower topic: Moltke’s military successes helped create the conditions for unification.

• GermanyBroader topic: It established the first German Empire, a predecessor of today’s republic.

• North German ConfederationNarrower topic: The Confederation was the principal institutional stage in this process.

• Paul von HindenburgRelated: Hindenburg served in the wars and army of the newly unified empire.

• Battle of KöniggrätzNarrower topic: The victory cleared the way for Prussia to unite Germany without Austria.

• Capture of RomeCompared with: Its wars indirectly enabled Italy to take Rome by drawing French forces away.

• August BebelRelated: The new empire created the national political arena in which Bebel opposed imperial rule.

• German General StaffRelated: Unification transformed a Prussian institution into the army’s central staff for a larger state.

• KulturkampfNarrower topic: The Kulturkampf unfolded as the new empire sought to consolidate political authority.

• German revolutions of 1848–1849Narrower topic: The revolution’s failed unification effort preceded a later, monarch-led settlement.

• Albrecht von RoonNarrower topic: Military success made possible the political settlement that completed unification.

• German cuisineRelated: A unified state brought diverse regional food customs under a shared national identity.

• RealpolitikBroader topic: Bismarck's management of wars and alliances made unification a lasting case of power-centered politics.

• Alfred von TirpitzRelated: Unification created the state whose overseas ambitions Tirpitz later sought to support with naval power.

• Friedrich ListRelated: List linked economic integration among German states with the possibility of political unity.

• Friedrich Ludwig JahnRelated: Jahn’s call for unity anticipated a political goal achieved after his lifetime.

• Imperial German NavyNarrower topic: Unification created the empire whose federal institutions included a national navy.

• Pan-nationalismCompared with: It shows cultural nationalism producing one state rather than a multi-state union.

• Schleswig-Holstein QuestionNarrower topic: Prussia’s victories over Denmark and Austria advanced its dominance before unification.

• Johann Gustav DroysenRelated: Droysen’s political writing defended the national state that emerged through Prussian unification.

• Greater GermanyBroader topic: The empire realized a Prussian-led, Austria-excluding settlement rather than Greater Germany.

• Long nineteenth centuryBroader topic: It altered the European balance of power before 1914.

• DeutschlandliedRelated: Unification gave the song’s first stanza a new political setting and resonance.

• Frederick William IVCompared with: Unification came after his reign through military and diplomatic methods he had not adopted.

• History of GermanyBroader topic: It created the German Empire, the first modern German nation-state.

• National dayRelated: Some national observances mark political unification rather than independence.

• 19th centuryBroader topic: It altered the European balance of power near the century’s end.

• KleinstaatereiBroader topic: It ended the era of numerous German sovereign states within a unified nation-state.

• Leonhard Graf von BlumenthalRelated: Blumenthal’s campaigns contributed militarily to the Prussian-led process of unification.

• Music of GermanyRelated: Unification changed the institutions and national framing of musical life.

• National liberalismBroader topic: German unification tested whether national sovereignty could be achieved through liberal politics or authoritarian state-building.

• Rise of nationalism in EuropeBroader topic: Prussia achieved unity through state power and wars rather than a successful liberal revolution.

• SonderwegRelated: Unification from above is central to accounts of Germany's distinctive state formation.

• William IRelated: His kingship provided the Prussian crown around which unification was achieved.