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The 50 pages that link to Gravitational lensing, each with the reason it gives.

• General relativityRelated: Curved spacetime bends light, producing observable lensing by stars and galaxies.

• Albert EinsteinRelated: General relativity predicts that mass curves light’s path, making this effect a test of Einstein’s theory.

• Dark matterRelated: Lens distortions map mass, including dark matter, without requiring it to emit light.

• GeodesicRelated: Light follows null geodesics that curve through gravitationally shaped spacetime.

• Galaxy clusterRelated: Lensing reveals cluster mass, including dark matter, without relying on emitted light.

• GravityBroader topic: It shows that gravity affects light as well as massive objects.

• Tidal forceCompared with: It reveals gravitational fields through light deflection rather than deformation of extended matter.

• Interstellar extinctionCompared with: Unlike extinction, it can alter apparent brightness through gravity without dust absorption or scattering.

• Newtonian gravityBroader topic: Newtonian gravity does not fully account for the observed deflection of light.

• Gravitational microlensingNarrower topic: Microlensing is the compact-lens, transient observational regime within this broader phenomenon.

• Weak gravitational lensingNarrower topic: Weak lensing is the subtle, statistical regime of this broader gravitational effect.

• AstrophysicsRelated: It reveals otherwise hidden mass and magnifies distant sources.

• Gravitational lensNarrower topic: This broader phenomenon explains how the lens changes a background source’s apparent image.

• Tidal interactionCompared with: Both arise from gravity, but lensing redirects light rather than rearranging matter.

• Modified Newtonian dynamicsRelated: Relativistic MOND must reproduce lensing signals as well as galaxy motions.

• Coma ClusterRelated: Lensing can map Coma's mass without relying solely on its luminous galaxies.

• Galactic CenterRelated: The central black hole’s gravity bends light from nearby sources and shapes its observable appearance.

• Galaxy groupRelated: Weak lensing can estimate a group's mass without relying on its luminous matter.

• Cold dark matterRelated: Lensing reveals dark matter’s gravitational distribution without detecting its light.

• Doppler beamingCompared with: It can brighten distant sources through spacetime curvature rather than relativistic source motion.

• Fritz ZwickyRelated: Zwicky argued that galaxies’ gravity could magnify and multiply images of distant sources.

• Schwarzschild radiusRelated: The radius helps set the scale of strong-lensing effects near a black hole.

• Causal structureRelated: Light propagation follows the null directions that mark causal boundaries.

• Great AttractorRelated: Lensing offers an independent way to investigate mass hidden behind the Milky Way.

• Optical astronomyRelated: Optical surveys use distorted images to study dark matter and distant galaxies.

• Bullet ClusterRelated: Lensing maps the cluster’s gravitational mass, including matter that emits little or no light.

• Galactic haloRelated: Lensing maps halo mass even where it emits little or no light.

• Shapley SuperclusterRelated: Lensing can trace mass in dense cluster regions, including matter that emits no light.

• Frame-draggingRelated: Both effects arise from curved spacetime, but lensing concerns light paths rather than rotating inertial frames.

• Cosmic flowRelated: Lensing maps matter independently, allowing comparisons with the mass distribution inferred from flows.

• Gravitationally bound systemRelated: Lensing can reveal the total mass binding a system, including invisible dark matter.

• Intracluster lightRelated: Lensing maps cluster mass, allowing comparisons between dark matter and diffuse stars.

• Shapiro time delayRelated: The same curved geometry affects both a signal’s trajectory and its travel time.

• Abell 1689Narrower topic: Strong lensing is the specific phenomenon that makes Abell 1689 notable.

• Perseus ClusterRelated: Lensing offers a mass estimate to compare with gas-based measurements of Perseus.

• South Pole TelescopeRelated: Microwave-background lensing measurements reveal the distribution of matter across the telescope’s maps.

• Hubble Deep FieldRelated: Lensed deep fields extend galaxy studies to sources otherwise too faint to detect.

• Giant Magellan TelescopeRelated: Sharper observations can help investigate distant sources magnified by foreground mass.

• Physical cosmologyRelated: Lensing maps matter, including dark matter, and probes cosmic structure.

• Visible-light astronomyRelated: Visible images of lensed galaxies and arcs reveal the distribution of foreground mass.

• Dark galaxyRelated: A dark galaxy could be inferred from lensing even if its stars are absent.

• Galaxy rotation problemRelated: Lensing estimates galaxy mass independently of stellar and gas rotation.

• Observational cosmologyRelated: Lensing maps matter, including dark matter, through its effect on distant images.

• Astronomical black holesRelated: A black hole’s gravity distorts light from background objects and its surroundings.

• Astronomical masses and mass distributionsRelated: Lens distortions reveal projected mass, including matter that emits little or no light.

• Black hole astronomyRelated: A black hole’s gravity can distort light from objects behind it.

• Geodesics in general relativityRelated: Observed lensing patterns trace null geodesics through intervening curved spacetime.

• IC 342/Maffei GroupRelated: Mass estimates offer a way to test whether obscured group membership matches its gravitational structure.

• RelativityRelated: It reveals how curved spacetime redirects light.

• South Pole WallCompared with: Unlike lensing maps, the wall’s discovery relied mainly on galaxy positions and distances.