İsmet İnönü

İsmet İnönü was a Turkish military officer and politician who served as Turkey’s second president from 1938 to 1950 and led the country through most of World War II.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Turkish military officer and statesman who founded the Republic of Turkey and served as its first president. Inönü was Atatürk’s close military and political associate and succeeded him as president.
Turkish neutrality during World War II: Turkey’s policy of remaining outside the major combat operations of World War II until February 1945. İnönü’s government balanced pressure from the Allies and Axis while keeping Turkey out of war.
Turkish War of Independence: The 1919–1923 conflict that secured the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. İnönü rose to national prominence as a commander in this struggle.
Transition to multiparty politics in Turkey: The shift from one-party rule toward electoral competition in Turkey, beginning in the mid-1940s. İnönü authorized the political opening that made rival parties and national elections possible.
Celâl Bayar: Turkish politician who served as president from 1950 to 1960 after leading the Democrat Party. Bayar’s election marked the transfer of power away from İnönü’s Republican People’s Party.
Second Cairo Conference: A December 1943 meeting in Cairo between Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and İsmet İnönü. The meeting tested Allied efforts to bring Turkey into the war against Germany.
Battle of İnönü: Two battles fought in 1921 between Turkish nationalist forces and the Greek army near İnönü, west of Ankara. The victories strengthened İnönü’s standing and gave his name to the battle site.
Democrat Party (Turkey): A Turkish political party founded in 1946 that ended the Republican People’s Party’s uninterrupted rule in 1950. Its victory under İnönü’s presidency made the opposition a governing party.
Adnan Menderes: Turkish politician who served as prime minister from 1950 to 1960 under the Democrat Party. Menderes led the government that defeated İnönü’s party in the 1950 election.
Turkish general election, 1946: Turkey’s first multiparty general election, held on 21 July 1946 under the Republican People’s Party government. İnönü’s government permitted opposition parties but held an election criticized for serious irregularities.

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