Israel

Israel is a country on the eastern Mediterranean coast, bordering Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, and the Palestinian territories. Its political status and borders are closely tied to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

Zionism: A movement advocating Jewish self-determination and a homeland in the historic Land of Israel. It supplied the national movement behind the establishment of the state.
Basic Laws of Israel: A set of quasi-constitutional laws that define Israel’s institutions and some rights. In the absence of a single written constitution, they structure the state.
1948 Arab–Israeli War: The war fought in former British Palestine and neighboring areas after Israel’s establishment in 1948. Its outcome established the armistice lines that shaped Israel’s early boundaries.
State of Palestine: A state proclaimed by the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1988 and recognized by many countries. Its competing claim to sovereignty is central to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine: A 1947 United Nations proposal to divide British-ruled Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. Its proposed division preceded Israel’s declaration of independence and the 1948 war.
Knesset: Israel’s unicameral parliament, composed of 120 members elected by proportional representation. It legislates, approves governments, and holds the executive accountable.
Six-Day War: The 1967 war in which Israel captured territory from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. The occupation of territories captured in this war remains central to regional politics.
West Bank: A landlocked territory west of the Jordan River, occupied by Israel since 1967. Its status and future borders remain disputed in negotiations and international diplomacy.
Israeli Declaration of Independence: The 1948 proclamation establishing the State of Israel and stating its founding principles. It formally announced the state’s creation on May 14, 1948.
President of Israel: Israel’s largely ceremonial head of state, elected by the Knesset for a seven-year term. The office represents the state while executive authority rests with the government.

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