Linked from

The 19 pages that link to Isthmus of Panama, each with the reason it gives.

• Great American Biotic InterchangeRelated: Its emergence created the principal terrestrial route for interchange.

• Caribbean SeaRelated: Its emergence separated the Caribbean from the eastern Pacific.

• South AmericaRelated: Its emergence connected the continents and altered ocean circulation and species movement.

• Central AmericaBroader topic: It forms the region’s southern continental link.

• PlioceneRelated: Its changing seaways may have affected ocean circulation during the epoch.

• North AmericaBroader topic: It marks the continent’s conventional southern boundary.

• NeogeneRelated: Its formation altered ocean circulation and enabled faunal exchange between the continents.

• PanamaBroader topic: Its land bridge forms the geographic connection between the two oceans.

• AmericasBroader topic: Its formation joined the continents and altered ocean circulation and species movement.

• Afro-EurasiaCompared with: It provides a useful comparison: unlike Afro-Eurasia, the Americas connect through a much narrower bridge.

• Separation of Panama from ColombiaNarrower topic: Panama’s geography gave the proposed canal and the revolt international importance.

• Panama City (Panama)Narrower topic: Its position made the city a crossroads for routes across the Americas.

• Isthmus of CorinthCompared with: It is another strategic isthmus later cut by a canal, but joins continents and oceans on a different scale.

• NotoungulataRelated: Its formation enabled the faunal interchange that reshaped South American mammal communities.

• ToxodonRelated: Its formation opened routes for immigrant mammals that encountered Toxodon’s lineage.

• Vasco Núñez de BalboaNarrower topic: Balboa crossed this land bridge to reach the Pacific coast.

• LitopternaRelated: Its formation enabled the northward arrival of mammals that coincided with the decline of native lineages.

• TitanisRelated: Its emergence enabled terrestrial animals, including Titanis's ancestors, to move north.

• PanamaBroader topic: This land bridge gives Panama its distinctive position between two continents.