Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru was India’s first prime minister, serving from 1947 to 1964, and a leading figure in the independence movement. He shaped the republic’s parliamentary institutions, economic planning, and non-aligned foreign policy.

Constitution of India: The supreme law of India, adopted in 1949 and brought into force in 1950. Nehru’s government operated within the parliamentary republic established by this constitution.
Mahatma Gandhi: An Indian independence leader who mobilized mass resistance through nonviolent action. Gandhi became Nehru’s mentor and a powerful influence on his political development.
Indian National Congress: A political party founded in 1885 that led India’s independence movement and later governed the republic. Nehru rose to national leadership through the organization that anchored his political career.
Nehruvian socialism: A mixed-economy approach combining public-sector leadership, economic planning, and parliamentary democracy. It names the governing economic philosophy associated with Nehru’s premiership.
Planning Commission of India: A government body established in 1950 to formulate India’s development plans. Nehru made centralized economic planning a defining feature of his government.
Indira Gandhi: India’s prime minister from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984; Nehru’s daughter. She grew up within Nehru’s political household and later succeeded him as prime minister.
Indian independence movement: The mass political struggle that ended British rule in India in 1947. Nehru’s political identity and leadership were forged in this movement.
Hindu nationalism: A political ideology that defines Indian nationhood through Hindu identity and cultural heritage. Its religious conception of national identity differed from Nehru’s secular, pluralist ideal.
Non-Aligned Movement: A coalition of states that sought independence from Cold War military blocs. Nehru helped establish non-alignment as a foundation of India’s foreign policy.
Subhas Chandra Bose: An Indian nationalist who pursued armed struggle against British rule and led the Indian National Army. Bose’s militant strategy contrasted with the constitutional and mass-politics approaches Nehru pursued.

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