Kaifeng

Kaifeng is a city in eastern Henan Province, China. It served as a capital under several Chinese dynasties, most notably during the Northern Song dynasty.

Northern Song dynasty: The Chinese dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1127, with its capital at Kaifeng. Kaifeng reached its height as the Northern Song capital, called Bianjing.
Battle of Kaifeng: The 1126–1127 siege in which Jurchen forces captured the Northern Song capital. The siege ended Kaifeng’s first era as China’s principal imperial capital.
Henan: A province in central China whose name means “south of the Yellow River.” Kaifeng is one of Henan’s major cities and former provincial capitals.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival: A famous Song-era handscroll attributed to Zhang Zeduan, depicting urban life in Bianjing. Its crowded streets and waterways preserve a celebrated image of Song Kaifeng.
Later Liang: A short-lived Chinese dynasty that ruled from 907 to 923 during the Five Dynasties period. Its founders made Kaifeng their capital, beginning a long pattern of dynastic use.
Jingkang incident: The 1127 capture of the Northern Song emperors and court by the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The fall of Kaifeng became the defining political catastrophe of the city’s Song history.
Yellow River: A major river of northern China, historically prone to flooding and course changes. Its floods repeatedly threatened Kaifeng, while its waterways supported regional transport.
Zhang Zeduan: A Chinese painter of the Northern Song period, traditionally credited with the Qingming Festival handscroll. His painting is a major visual record associated with Kaifeng at its imperial height.
Later Jin: A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 936 to 947 during the Five Dynasties period. Later Jin established its capital at Kaifeng after moving it from Luoyang.
Kaifeng Jews: A historic Jewish community in Kaifeng, documented in China from at least the Ming period. The community’s presence reflects the city’s place in long-distance trade and cultural exchange.

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