Kerosene

Kerosene is a combustible liquid petroleum distillate, typically containing hydrocarbons with about 10 to 16 carbon atoms. It is used for heating, lighting, cooking, and as a component of aviation fuel.

Jet fuel: Aviation fuel formulated for use in jet and turbine engines. Kerosene is the main component of widely used Jet A and Jet A-1 fuels.
Petroleum refining: The industrial processing of crude oil into fuels and other useful products. Kerosene is separated and further treated during petroleum refining.
Abraham Gesner: A Canadian geologist and physician who developed a process for producing kerosene from coal and bituminous shale. Gesner popularized the name kerosene and helped establish it as a commercial illuminant.
Lighting: The use of natural or artificial light to make spaces and objects visible. Affordable kerosene extended useful light beyond daylight and costly candles.
Kerosene lamp: A lamp that burns kerosene to produce light, usually through a wick. Kerosene’s historical lighting use shaped lamp design and household life.
Fractional distillation: A separation method that sorts liquids by differences in boiling point. Kerosene is recovered from the middle-boiling fractions of crude oil.
Coal oil: An illuminating oil produced by distilling coal or other carbon-rich materials. Early kerosene was often made from coal or shale before petroleum became its main source.
Standard Oil: An American oil refining and marketing company founded by John D. Rockefeller and partners. Its refining and distribution network helped make petroleum kerosene a dominant lighting fuel.
Kerosene heater: A portable or fixed heater that burns kerosene for space heating. These heaters use kerosene where other heating fuels or infrastructure are unavailable.
Hydrocarbon: A chemical compound composed only of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Kerosene consists primarily of mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons.

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