Linked from

The 80 pages that link to Language contact, each with the reason it gives.

• Polynesian outlierRelated: Outlier languages developed alongside neighboring languages, creating settings for borrowing and multilingualism.

• Great Lakes Bantu languagesRelated: Multilingual communities have exchanged vocabulary and other features across family boundaries.

• LexicostatisticsRelated: Borrowed words can resemble inherited cognates and distort similarity counts.

• Oceanic languagesRelated: Contact can obscure inherited relationships or produce features shared across Oceanic languages.

• Ian HancockRelated: Contact helps explain both creole formation and Romani dialect variation.

• Language divergenceRelated: Borrowing and structural influence can add differences beyond those arising through internal change.

• Romani languageRelated: Contact with languages along migration routes reshaped Romani vocabulary and grammar.

• Xiang ChineseRelated: Contact with Mandarin and neighboring varieties has reshaped Xiang speech.

• Chadic languagesRelated: Longstanding contact complicates efforts to separate inherited Chadic traits from borrowed features.

• Fula languageNarrower topic: Contact helps account for borrowed words and local features across Fula-speaking regions.

• Kra–Dai languagesRelated: Contact complicates attempts to distinguish inherited similarities from borrowed features.

• Old NubianRelated: Old Nubian writing and vocabulary reflect contact with Greek, Coptic, and Arabic.

• AnthroponymyRelated: Contact between languages produces borrowed, adapted, and hybrid personal names.

• BurushaskiNarrower topic: Contact can explain borrowed words and structural similarities without implying shared descent.

• Derek BickertonNarrower topic: Contact-based explanations emphasize social history over an innate creole-specific program.

• Herero languageRelated: Herero speakers’ contact with neighboring communities has shaped multilingual life in the region.

• African FrenchNarrower topic: Contact with African languages helps explain distinctive vocabulary, pronunciation, and structures.

• Languages of AfricaNarrower topic: Trade, migration, and multilingual communities have shaped vocabulary and usage across the continent.

• Southern NdebeleRelated: Contact with neighboring South African languages has shaped Southern Ndebele vocabulary and use.

• West African Pidgin EnglishNarrower topic: Sustained contact among English and West African languages shaped these varieties.

• Yakut languageRelated: Contact explains features in Yakut that cannot be traced to Turkic inheritance alone.

• Alexander VovinRelated: Contact hypotheses figure prominently in debates about Japanese and Ainu history.

• Fictional languageRelated: Borrowing and bilingualism can give a fictional language a believable history.

• Ghil'ad ZuckermannNarrower topic: Contact effects are central to Zuckermann’s account of how languages develop.

• History of EnglishNarrower topic: Contact with Norse and French speakers shaped English beyond inherited sound change.

• Huizhou ChineseRelated: Contact with neighboring Sinitic groups may account for features that resist simple genealogical classification.

• Language geographyRelated: Contact transfers features across geographic boundaries and can create shared regional patterns.

• LimburgishRelated: Dutch, German, and French contact has affected speech and language choices in Limburg.

• Regional ItalianNarrower topic: It explains how local languages influence Italian vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.

• Ruki sound lawRelated: Contact has been considered in explaining shared Ruki-like patterns across branches.