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The 52 pages that link to Leonardo da Vinci, each with the reason it gives.

• ChiaroscuroRelated: His experiments with modeling and shadow helped establish chiaroscuro in Renaissance painting.

• FlorenceRelated: Florentine workshops and patrons shaped his early artistic development.

• Renaissance artRelated: His investigations of anatomy, light, and nature linked artistic practice with observation.

• Italian RenaissanceRelated: His work embodies the movement’s combination of artistic practice and inquiry into nature.

• Francis I of FranceRelated: Francis invited Leonardo to France and supported his final years at the royal court.

• Camera obscuraRelated: His notebooks describe camera-obscura projections and compare them with vision.

• BiomimeticsRelated: His bird-inspired flying-machine sketches exemplify early attempts to learn from organisms.

• RaphaelRelated: Raphael absorbed lessons from Leonardo’s monumental figure design and compositional grouping.

• Giorgio VasariRelated: Vasari included Leonardo among the artists whose achievements advanced painting.

• Contact lensRelated: His early sketches included concepts for altering vision by placing a fluid-filled vessel against the eye.

• Duchy of MilanRelated: His Milanese years included major court projects such as The Last Supper.

• Filippo BrunelleschiRelated: Leonardo inherited an artistic culture in which perspective and mechanical design had gained new importance.

• Florentine RenaissanceRelated: His Florentine training and early career grew from the city’s artistic culture.

• French RenaissanceRelated: Francis I brought him to France, where he spent his final years at the royal court.

• Canal lockRelated: His engineering notebooks document designs for improved canal-lock gates.

• Scientific illustrationRelated: His anatomical studies joined close observation with explanatory drawing.

• Golden ratioRelated: He illustrated Pacioli's De divina proportione, though claims about his use of the ratio in paintings remain disputed.

• High RenaissanceRelated: His paintings joined subtle observation with carefully controlled composition.

• MasaccioRelated: Leonardo’s generation inherited the naturalistic pictorial language Masaccio helped establish.

• DrawingRelated: His notebooks show drawing used to investigate anatomy, machines, and nature.

• Mona LisaRelated: His painterly experiments and sustained work produced the portrait’s distinctive surface and composition.

• AnamorphosisRelated: His notebooks include early examples of deliberately distorted images.

• Anatomical drawingRelated: His drawings combine close dissection-based observation with investigations of movement and proportion.

• Italian Renaissance paintingRelated: His experiments with oil technique and subtle expression helped define High Renaissance painting.

• Leon Battista AlbertiRelated: Leonardo’s investigations continue the union of artistic practice and theoretical inquiry Alberti promoted.

• Renaissance paintingRelated: His investigations of light, anatomy, and expression expanded painting's observational aims.

• GearsRelated: His drawings document the study and redesign of gear mechanisms.

• Luca PacioliRelated: Leonardo illustrated Pacioli’s later book on mathematical proportion.

• Ludovico SforzaRelated: Ludovico employed Leonardo in Milan, where the artist worked on paintings, engineering projects, and court festivities.

• WheellockRelated: His notebooks contain an early design resembling the wheellock, though its role in the mechanism’s invention is uncertain.

• Andrea del VerrocchioRelated: Leonardo trained in Verrocchio’s workshop before developing an independent career.

• Coulomb frictionRelated: His notes record early experiments identifying regularities in dry friction.

• Vitruvian ManRelated: He made the drawing and annotated it with observations on Vitruvius.

• Donato BramanteRelated: Leonardo’s architectural studies share the period’s interest in centralized geometry that Bramante built.

• French Renaissance architectureRelated: Francis I brought him to France, symbolizing the court's attraction to Italian expertise.

• Édouard-Léon Scott de MartinvilleRelated: Scott drew on earlier proposals for visualizing sound, including ideas attributed to Leonardo.

• Paolo UccelloRelated: Leonardo inherited a culture of artistic inquiry into geometry and represented space that Uccello helped exemplify.

• Walter IsaacsonRelated: Leonardo’s notebooks anchor Isaacson’s portrait of his habits of observation.

• Lady with an ErmineRelated: He painted the portrait while working at the Milanese court.

• Mathematics and artRelated: His notebooks and drawings connect artistic practice with geometry and measurement.

• PontormoRelated: Leonardo’s influence reached Pontormo through the Florentine artistic world and his early training.

• Renaissance FlorenceRelated: His early training and artistic career began in Florence’s workshops.

• Vincenzo PeruggiaRelated: Peruggia’s claim that the painting should return to Italy relied on its Italian creator.