Linked from

The 106 pages that link to Manhattan Project, each with the reason it gives.

• World War IIRelated: Its weapons were used against Japan in August 1945 and changed the war’s final phase.

• Albert EinsteinRelated: Einstein did not work on the project, despite the later association created by his letter to Roosevelt.

• Columbia UniversityRelated: Columbia scientists contributed research and facilities to the project during World War II.

• Monte Carlo methodRelated: Its difficult neutron-physics calculations created an urgent setting for randomized computation.

• Niels BohrRelated: Bohr’s nuclear expertise and advocacy for openness brought him into the project’s wartime history.

• John von NeumannRelated: Von Neumann contributed calculations and design ideas to the project’s weapons research.

• University of California, BerkeleyRelated: Berkeley physicists and laboratories contributed foundational research to the project.

• Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and NagasakiRelated: It produced the bombs used against the two cities.

• Nuclear weaponRelated: It created the first deployable nuclear weapons.

• Radiation protectionRelated: Its scale and aftermath intensified attention to radiation hazards and safeguards.

• ActinideRelated: Wartime work accelerated plutonium production and research into heavy actinides.

• Glenn T. SeaborgRelated: Seaborg directed plutonium chemistry at the Chicago branch of this wartime program.

• Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryRelated: Berkeley scientists and facilities contributed to wartime uranium-separation research.

• CyclotronRelated: Cyclotrons at Berkeley contributed to wartime isotope separation research.

• Ernest LawrenceRelated: Lawrence’s Berkeley research and expertise contributed to the project’s uranium-isotope separation efforts.

• Hans BetheRelated: After fleeing Nazi Germany, Bethe led the theoretical division at Los Alamos.

• PlutoniumRelated: The project built the first large-scale reactors and chemical plants to produce plutonium.

• Radioactive wasteRelated: Its weapons production generated some of the earliest large-scale radioactive waste streams.

• UraniumRelated: Its uranium enrichment effort produced the material for the Hiroshima bomb.

• Brookhaven National LaboratoryRelated: Brookhaven was established after the war to continue nuclear research and repurpose wartime expertise.

• Nuclear chain reactionRelated: Research into weapon-scale chain reactions became a central project objective.

• Eugene WignerRelated: Wigner contributed to reactor development and plutonium production for the project.

• Heavy waterRelated: Heavy water became strategically relevant through wartime efforts to pursue reactor-based plutonium production.

• Science policyRelated: Its scale and consequences intensified debates over government control and scientific responsibility.

• Vannevar BushRelated: Bush served on the high-level committee overseeing this major research program.

• Plutonium-239Related: The project built the reactors and chemical processes needed to produce plutonium-239 at scale.

• Luis AlvarezRelated: Alvarez contributed experimental and engineering work to the project.

• Edwin McMillanRelated: McMillan's work on plutonium connected his Berkeley research to wartime nuclear programs.

• Chien-Shiung WuRelated: Wu contributed expertise in radiation detection to the project during World War II.

• Emilio SegrèRelated: Segrè led the Los Alamos group that measured neutron properties relevant to the bomb.

• Raymond Davis Jr.Related: Davis worked on the project early in his career, applying his training in chemistry.

• Boeing B-29 SuperfortressRelated: Its weapons program produced the bombs carried by specially modified B-29s.

• Hydrogen bombRelated: Its fission weapons and scientific institutions laid groundwork for thermonuclear research.

• James FranckRelated: Franck worked on the project’s chemistry at the University of Chicago during World War II.

• Ralph AlpherRelated: Alpher worked on wartime nuclear research before turning to cosmological nuclear processes.

• CuriumRelated: Curium’s discovery emerged from wartime research conducted within this broader program.

• Joseph WeberRelated: Weber worked on the project before returning to an academic physics career.

• Tsung-Dao LeeRelated: Lee worked briefly on the project at the University of California, Berkeley, before moving to Chicago.

• Actinide seriesRelated: Its wartime research accelerated plutonium production and actinide chemistry.

• Central Pacific campaignRelated: Its atomic bombs became a separate means of forcing Japan’s surrender before Operation Downfall.

• Felix BlochRelated: Bloch contributed to wartime research at Los Alamos before returning to academic physics.

• Isotope separationRelated: Electromagnetic separation and gaseous diffusion supplied enriched uranium for the project.

• John Archibald WheelerRelated: Wheeler joined the project to work on theoretical problems in nuclear fission.

• Arthur ComptonRelated: Compton directed the Metallurgical Laboratory, a central research site in the project.

• Harold UreyRelated: Urey directed isotope-separation work relevant to producing fissionable uranium during the project.

• Luis Walter AlvarezRelated: Alvarez contributed to the project through work on detonations and nuclear weapons.

• Maria Goeppert MayerRelated: Mayer worked on isotope separation during the war, applying theoretical physics to a practical problem.

• Geoffrey WilkinsonRelated: Wilkinson worked on uranium chemistry in Canada as part of the wartime atomic research effort.

• Harvard Mark IRelated: Mark I calculations supported work associated with the wartime atomic-bomb program.

• Isidor RabiRelated: Rabi advised the project while also raising concerns about the political and human consequences of nuclear weapons.