Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology designs, produces, and uses materials, devices, and systems by controlling matter at dimensions roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where nanoscale structures can exhibit distinctive properties.

Nanoscale: The scale of structures measured in nanometers, typically from individual atoms to hundreds of nanometers. It defines the dimensions where nanotechnology controls structure and exploits size-dependent effects.
Nanoparticle: A particle with dimensions in the nanoscale range, whose properties can differ from those of bulk material. Nanoparticles are a widely used form of engineered nanoscale matter.
Drug delivery: The design of methods that transport therapeutic substances to intended sites in the body. Nanoscale carriers can protect drugs, alter their distribution, or release them under selected conditions.
Nanotoxicology: The study of potential adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials on living organisms. Small size and surface chemistry can affect how nanomaterials interact with biological systems.
There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: A 1959 lecture by physicist Richard Feynman proposing manipulation and engineering at very small scales. The lecture became a frequently cited conceptual precursor to modern nanotechnology.
Quantum confinement: A restriction of charge carriers in a material that makes its energy states depend on the structure’s dimensions. Confinement can change a nanomaterial’s optical and electronic properties as its size changes.
Carbon nanotube: A cylindrical nanostructure made from one or more rolled sheets of carbon atoms. Its electrical and mechanical properties make it a prominent nanoscale building block.
Nanoelectronics: Electronics that use nanoscale materials or structures to control electrical signals. Miniaturized components and quantum effects extend electronic design into nanoscale dimensions.
Environmental fate of nanomaterials: The transformations, transport, and persistence of nanomaterials in environmental systems. Products and manufacturing can release engineered particles whose behavior depends on their surroundings.
Norio Taniguchi: A Japanese engineer who introduced the term nanotechnology in a 1974 paper on precision machining. His usage connected the field’s name to manufacturing at nanometer precision.

Linked from 21 pages