Ogham

Ogham is an early medieval alphabet used mainly for Primitive Irish and Old Irish. Its letters are groups of strokes carved along the edges of stone monuments.

Ogham alphabet: The set of twenty primary Ogham letters, traditionally arranged in four groups of five. Its letter groups determine how strokes are positioned around a stone's edge.
Gaulish Ogham inscriptions: Ogham inscriptions found outside Ireland that include material associated with Gaulish-speaking regions. They show the script's use beyond its strongest concentration in Ireland.
Ogham bilingual inscriptions: Monuments whose Ogham text accompanies an inscription in another script, often Latin. Parallel texts can help interpret names and formulas carved in Ogham.
Lia Fáil: A standing stone on the Hill of Tara associated with Irish kingship and later legend. Despite modern claims, this famous monument is not an Ogham-inscribed stone.
Ogham stone: A stone monument bearing an inscription in Ogham. These monuments preserve the alphabet's characteristic edge-carved writing.
Roman alphabet: The alphabet used for Latin and the source of many modern Western alphabets. Ogham letter names and writing conventions reflect contact with Latin literacy.
Ogham manuscript tradition: Medieval copying and study of Ogham in manuscripts, especially in Ireland. Manuscripts preserve letter lists and interpretations absent from many stones.
Silchester Ogham stone: A fragmentary stone from Silchester in England bearing an early Ogham inscription. Its location and form offer evidence for Ogham beyond Ireland.
Primitive Irish: The earliest recorded form of the Goidelic languages, known chiefly from Ogham inscriptions. Most surviving early inscriptions record names and formulae in this language.
Irish language: A Goidelic Celtic language native to Ireland and historically spoken there and elsewhere. Ogham's best-known inscriptions document early stages of Irish.

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