Linked from

The 36 pages that link to Papal supremacy, each with the reason it gives.

• English ReformationCompared with: The Reformation’s central jurisdictional break rejected this authority in England.

• Henry VIIICompared with: Henry’s break rejected the pope’s jurisdiction over the English church.

• Papal primacyCompared with: It expresses a stronger jurisdictional claim than primacy alone necessarily entails.

• Gregorian ReformNarrower topic: Gregorian Reform advanced claims that placed the papacy above secular rulers in spiritual matters.

• Council of ConstanceCompared with: The council’s claims for general councils challenged this account of Church authority.

• Papal infallibilityNarrower topic: Infallibility is narrower than papal authority as a whole.

• Thomas MoreRelated: More upheld papal authority against Henry VIII’s claim to govern the English Church.

• Pope Gregory VIIRelated: Gregory advanced expansive claims for papal power in his conflict with the emperor.

• Pope Innocent IIIRelated: Innocent's claims invite debate over the difference between spiritual jurisdiction and political dominion.

• GallicanismCompared with: Gallicanism resisted the unrestricted form of papal authority this doctrine could imply.

• ConciliarismCompared with: Conciliarism directly contests whether this jurisdiction places the pope above a general council.

• Dictatus PapaeNarrower topic: Several propositions claim powers over bishops, councils, and rulers for the pope.

• InvestitureRelated: Papal claims to appoint bishops challenged rulers who treated appointments as a royal prerogative.

• Pope Clement VIIRelated: The dispute tested whether a pope could reverse an earlier dispensation under political pressure.

• Henry IV, Holy Roman EmperorRelated: Gregory VII’s claims against Henry became a major test of papal authority over kings.

• Act of Supremacy 1534Compared with: The statute displaced this authority within England.

• CaesaropapismCompared with: It places ultimate church authority in the papacy rather than in a secular ruler.

• Civil Constitution of the ClergyCompared with: The constitution’s transfer of control to the state directly challenged this claim.

• Pope Innocent IVNarrower topic: Innocent’s arguments against Frederick became a forceful expression of papal jurisdiction over rulers.

• Thomas CranmerCompared with: Cranmer helped replace papal jurisdiction in England with authority vested in the crown.

• Lay investitureRelated: The controversy helped make claims of papal jurisdiction over appointments more explicit.

• UltramontanismBroader topic: It is the central authority claim that defines ultramontanism.

• Henry V, Holy Roman EmperorCompared with: The settlement limited the investiture dispute without resolving every claim of papal and imperial authority.

• John WycliffeCompared with: Wycliffe denied that the pope’s authority was absolute or necessarily legitimate.

• Pope Innocent XNarrower topic: Innocent X’s reign tested papal claims against the independence of European rulers.

• Thomas BecketRelated: Becket’s appeal to the pope gave his dispute with Henry an international dimension.

• Robert BellarmineBroader topic: Bellarmine argued for the pope’s spiritual authority while distinguishing it from direct temporal rule.

• Old Catholic ChurchCompared with: Old Catholic opposition targets this expansive account of papal authority.

• Pope Alexander IIIRelated: Alexander's resistance to imperial control strengthened claims of papal jurisdiction.

• Anti-CatholicismBroader topic: Critics have portrayed papal authority as incompatible with national sovereignty or individual conscience.

• Pope Paschal IIRelated: The investiture dispute tested how far papal authority could constrain emperors.

• Aleksey KhomyakovCompared with: Khomyakov rejected centralized authority as incompatible with the Church’s free unity.

• Johann EckRelated: Eck defended papal supremacy against Luther’s rejection of the pope’s authority over Christians.

• John XXIIIRelated: Cossa’s contested title exposed the difficulty of identifying legitimate authority during a schism.

• Pope Adrian IVRelated: Adrian’s political interventions show how claims of spiritual authority intersected with temporal rule.

• RomanismRelated: Papal authority is a frequent target of polemical charges of Romanism.