Permanent Court of Arbitration

The Permanent Court of Arbitration is an intergovernmental institution that helps states and other parties resolve disputes through arbitration and related procedures. It provides administrative support and facilities but does not itself decide cases.

International arbitration: A process in which parties submit an international dispute to one or more independent arbitrators for a binding decision. The institution administers international arbitrations without acting as the decision-making tribunal.
Hague Peace Conference of 1899: An international conference that produced agreements on disarmament, the laws of war, and peaceful dispute settlement. The conference established the institution in its 1899 Convention.
South China Sea Arbitration: An arbitration brought by the Philippines against China under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The institution administered the proceedings, which produced the 2016 award.
International Court of Justice: The principal judicial organ of the United Nations, which decides contentious cases between states and gives advisory opinions. Unlike this institution, it is a standing court whose judges issue decisions in cases before it.
Arbitral tribunal: A body of one or more arbitrators appointed to decide a dispute submitted to arbitration. Tribunals decide cases supported administratively by the institution.
Hague Convention of 1899: An international agreement that established procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes and created the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Its provisions provided the institution’s original legal foundation.
Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission: A commission established to decide claims arising from the 1998–2000 war between Eritrea and Ethiopia. The institution provided administrative support for this postwar claims process.
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: A standing international tribunal that adjudicates disputes concerning the interpretation and application of the law of the sea. It is a permanent court, whereas the institution generally supports tribunals formed for particular disputes.
Arbitration agreement: An agreement in which parties consent to submit specified disputes to arbitration. Consent or a treaty clause supplies the basis for many proceedings administered here.
Hague Convention of 1907: An international agreement that revised and expanded the 1899 rules on peaceful settlement and the laws of war. It updated the framework through which the institution supports arbitration.

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