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The 63 pages that link to Petroleum refining, each with the reason it gives.

• Internal combustion engineRelated: Engine fleets created major demand for refined gasoline and diesel.

• AlkeneRelated: Refining and associated cracking processes supply hydrocarbon streams from which alkenes are produced.

• DistillationRelated: Crude-oil fractions are separated chiefly in atmospheric and vacuum distillation units.

• Sulfuric acidRelated: Sulfuric acid is used in some refining operations, including alkylation and chemical treatment.

• AlkaneRelated: Refining separates alkane-rich fractions and converts some hydrocarbons into more valuable products.

• Sulfur dioxideRelated: Sulfur removed from petroleum streams can be converted into SO₂ during refining and fuel use.

• John D. RockefellerNarrower topic: Refining was the business at the center of Rockefeller’s rise.

• Flash pointRelated: Flash point helps assess kerosene, diesel, and other refined products for safe use and storage.

• Smoke pointRelated: Refining removes compounds that can make an oil smoke at lower temperatures.

• Hydrogen fluorideNarrower topic: HF is one catalyst used to convert refinery feedstocks into high-octane gasoline components.

• Fractional distillationRelated: Atmospheric and vacuum fractionation divide crude oil into boiling-range cuts.

• GasolineRelated: Refining supplies and upgrades the hydrocarbon streams blended into gasoline.

• Diesel fuelNarrower topic: Refining produces conventional diesel from selected hydrocarbon fractions.

• Chemical engineeringBroader topic: Refineries combine separations and reactions to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks.

• NaphthaleneRelated: Modern naphthalene supply also comes from petroleum-derived aromatic streams.

• PetroleumRelated: Refining turns crude petroleum into products with different properties and uses.

• Port of RotterdamRelated: Refineries in the port’s industrial area process imported crude oil.

• Elimination reactionRelated: Catalytic cracking includes elimination pathways that generate light alkenes.

• Chemical industryCompared with: Refining overlaps with chemical manufacturing but primarily produces fuels and refinery streams.

• Crude oilRelated: Refining turns crude oil’s complex mixture into products with specific uses.

• SuperacidNarrower topic: Acid-catalyzed transformations connect superacid chemistry with refinery processes.

• Fischer–Tropsch processCompared with: Refining upgrades extracted crude oil, whereas Fischer–Tropsch builds hydrocarbons from gaseous feedstocks.

• Fluid catalytic crackingNarrower topic: Fluid catalytic cracking is a major conversion unit within an integrated refinery.

• PropyleneNarrower topic: Refineries remain a major source of propylene through catalytic cracking.

• Petrochemical industryNarrower topic: Refineries produce naphtha and other streams that feed petrochemical plants.

• Vegetable oilBroader topic: Refining can reduce flavor, color, free fatty acids, and oxidation products.

• Venezuelan oil industryRelated: Venezuelan refineries process domestic crude into exportable and locally used products.

• Abadan RefineryNarrower topic: The refinery’s central task was processing crude into marketable products.

• KeroseneNarrower topic: Kerosene is separated and further treated during petroleum refining.

• Soybean oilRelated: Refining reduces free fatty acids, pigments, odors, and contaminants in crude soybean oil.

• Anglo-Persian Oil CompanyRelated: Refining at Abadan made the company’s Iranian crude commercially versatile.

• Canola oilRelated: Refining reduces canola oil’s color, odor, free fatty acids, and trace contaminants.

• ExxonMobilRelated: ExxonMobil refineries convert crude oil into products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

• Hydrogen productionRelated: Refineries consume hydrogen to remove sulfur and upgrade fuel molecules.

• Jet fuelRelated: Conventional jet fuel is produced through refinery processing of petroleum.

• Liquefied petroleum gasRelated: Refining produces propane and butane streams that can be blended into LPG.

• Paraffin waxRelated: Refining petroleum fractions provides the feedstock from which most paraffin wax is recovered.

• Oil sandsRelated: Bitumen-derived crude must be refined into fuels and other products.

• Molecular sieveRelated: Refineries use molecular sieves to dry streams and separate hydrocarbons by molecular dimensions.

• Royal Dutch ShellRelated: Refineries turned Shell’s crude supplies into products for markets worldwide.

• Sunflower oilRelated: Refining makes sunflower oil milder in flavor and suitable for high-heat cooking.

• BitumenNarrower topic: Refinery processes produce many grades of paving bitumen.

• Peanut oilRelated: Refining reduces peanut oil’s color, odor, free fatty acids, and residual proteins.

• Rapeseed oilRelated: Refining reduces rapeseed oil’s free fatty acids, pigments, odors, and contaminants.

• Separation processRelated: Refineries use distillation and other separations to divide complex hydrocarbon mixtures.

• Chevron CorporationRelated: Refining connects Chevron’s crude production with gasoline, diesel, and other products.

• TotalEnergiesRelated: Refining turns crude oil into products sold through the company's downstream businesses.

• Aliko DangoteNarrower topic: The Dangote Refinery applies this process at a scale intended to supply regional markets.

• Fuel oilRelated: Refining separates fuel-oil fractions and can convert heavier petroleum into lighter products.

• IsopentaneRelated: Refineries separate and blend light hydrocarbons, including isopentane.