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The 107 pages that link to Polymerase chain reaction, each with the reason it gives.

• FomiteRelated: PCR can detect pathogen material on objects without proving that it remains infectious.

• Restriction fragment length polymorphismCompared with: PCR-based tests can work with much smaller DNA samples than traditional RFLP analysis.

• Stool antigen testCompared with: PCR detects genetic material rather than the pathogen proteins targeted by antigen assays.

• Stool cultureCompared with: Molecular assays can detect pathogens without requiring them to grow in culture.

• Taq polymeraseRelated: PCR uses Taq to copy target DNA through repeated high-temperature cycles.

• Trypanosoma cruziRelated: PCR can detect parasite DNA, particularly in acute infection or when parasite levels are high.

• African swine feverRelated: PCR tests detect African swine fever virus DNA in blood and tissue samples.

• AmoebiasisRelated: PCR can distinguish E. histolytica from morphologically similar Entamoeba species.

• Base pairRelated: Primer binding depends on complementary base pairing with target DNA.

• Molecular pathologyRelated: PCR detects and measures disease-associated DNA or RNA sequences in patient samples.

• Neonatal herpesRelated: HSV PCR can detect viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and lesion samples.

• Rocky Mountain spotted feverRelated: PCR can detect bacterial DNA in certain specimens, though a negative result cannot rule out disease.

• ShigellaRelated: Molecular tests can detect Shigella genetic material in stool.

• Svante PääboRelated: Early ancient-DNA studies used amplification, but contamination could overwhelm the original molecules.

• UracilRelated: Uracil-containing carryover products can be selectively destroyed before amplification.

• Campylobacter jejuniRelated: PCR-based tests can detect C. jejuni rapidly in stool or food samples.

• Complementary DNARelated: PCR can amplify cDNA to detect or analyze transcripts.

• DNA structureRelated: Its temperature cycles exploit the separation and reassociation of DNA strands.

• In vitroRelated: It performs DNA amplification in a reaction vessel outside cells.

• Legionnaires' diseaseRelated: Respiratory PCR can detect Legionella species beyond those covered by the urine test.

• Mycoplasma pneumoniaeRelated: PCR can detect M. pneumoniae genetic material in respiratory specimens.

• Pneumonic plagueRelated: Molecular testing can detect plague DNA in clinical specimens.

• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyRelated: PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid can identify JC virus DNA.

• Corynebacterium diphtheriaeRelated: PCR can detect the diphtheria toxin gene, though gene detection alone does not establish toxin expression.

• Giardia duodenalisRelated: Molecular assays can detect Giardia DNA in clinical or environmental samples.

• MicrosporidiaRelated: PCR can identify microsporidia when microscopy cannot reliably distinguish species.

• Mycobacterium lepraeRelated: M. leprae DNA can be detected in clinical specimens when microscopy is inconclusive.

• PipetteRelated: Small reagent volumes are pipetted into reaction mixtures before amplification.

• Thermus aquaticusRelated: Taq polymerase lets PCR withstand the repeated high-temperature steps without enzyme replacement.

• VirologyRelated: PCR-based tests detect viral genomes, often after converting viral RNA into DNA.

• Citrus greening diseaseRelated: PCR-based tests can detect pathogen DNA in citrus or psyllid samples.

• History of geneticsBroader topic: PCR made genetic analysis practical with small starting samples.

• Kary MullisBroader topic: Mullis’s defining invention amplifies DNA through repeated cycles.

• MpoxRelated: PCR testing of lesion samples is the standard approach to confirming mpox.

• Richard AxelRelated: Axel and Buck used this technique to search for genes resembling known G protein-coupled receptors.

• Whooping coughRelated: PCR can detect Bordetella pertussis in respiratory specimens, especially early in illness.

• Bordetella pertussisRelated: PCR can detect Bordetella pertussis DNA in respiratory specimens, especially early in illness.

• Chlamydia pneumoniaeRelated: PCR testing of respiratory samples can detect C. pneumoniae genetic material.

• Herpetic gingivostomatitisRelated: PCR testing of a lesion sample can confirm herpes simplex virus when diagnosis is uncertain.

• Legionella pneumophilaRelated: PCR can detect Legionella DNA in respiratory and environmental samples.

• Nucleic acid sequenceRelated: Primers target specific sequence regions for amplification.

• SulfolobusRelated: Archaeal polymerases illustrate how Sulfolobus relatives contribute heat-stable tools to molecular biology.

• TyphusRelated: PCR can identify typhus-group bacteria in suitable clinical samples.

• Viral diseaseRelated: PCR-based tests can detect genetic material from viruses.

• Cloning vectorRelated: It can generate the fragment prepared for insertion into a vector.

• Diagnostic microbiologyRelated: Molecular tests can detect pathogen DNA without first growing the organism.

• Herpetic whitlowRelated: PCR testing of blister fluid can identify HSV when the appearance is uncertain.

• Pathogenic bacteriaRelated: PCR can detect bacterial genetic material when culture is slow or difficult.

• ThermoproteotaRelated: Thermoproteota research supplies thermostable enzymes relevant to this technique.

• Enzymes and CoenzymesRelated: Its DNA polymerase catalyzes the copying step that makes amplification possible.